39 WJEC Biology AS Level - Marianne Izen - 2nd Edition

Question 1

What do generalised plant and animal cells have?

Answer 1

Generalised plant and animal cells have a -

1. nucleus
2. cytoplasm
3. cell membrane.

Question 2

Draw a table to show the differences between an animal and a plant cell.

Answer 2

Question 3

The functions of organelles within the cell are often related (nucleus)

Answer 3

The nucleus contains chromosomes in which the DNA encodes proteins.

Question 4

The functions of organelles within the cell are often related (nuclear pores)

Answer 4

Nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope allow mRNA molecules, transcribed off the DNA, to leave the nucleus and attach to ribosomes in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER.

Question 5

The functions of organelles within the cell are often related (ribosomes)

Answer 5

Ribosomes contain rRNA, transcribed from DNA located at the nucleolus.

Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes, producing proteins in their primary structure.

Question 6

The functions of organelles within the cell are often related (RER)

Answer 6

Polypeptides made on the ribosomes are moved through the RER and are packaged into vesicles.

Question 7

The functions of organelles within the cell are often related (Golgi Body)

Answer 7

The vesicles bud off the RER and carry the polypeptides to the Golgi body, where they are chemically modified and folded.

The Golgi body produces vesicles containing newly synthesised proteins.

Question 8

The functions of organelles within the cell are often related (lysosomes)

Answer 8

The Golgi body produces vesicles which may be lysosomes, containing digestive enzymes, used within the cell.

Question 9

The functions of organelles within the cell are often related (secretory vesicles)

Answer 9

The Golgi body produces vesicles which may be secretory vesicles, which carry the proteins to the cell membrane for exocytosis.

Question 10

The functions of organelles within the cell are often related (SER)

Answer 10

Phospholipids and triglycerides move through the smooth endoplasmic reticulum to various destinations in the cell.

Question 11

Do plants have a nervous system? What may replace the nervous system in plants? Explain

Answer 11

Plant cells each have up to about 100,000 plasmodesmata connecting them to other cells, with about 10 per um2.

Plants do not have a nervous system, and it may be that this high connectivity through the cytoplasm can serve a similar function.

Question 12

Draw a diagrm to show the interrelationship between organelles

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14