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design technology > ✅3.9 - Shaping > Flashcards

✅3.9 - Shaping Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 principles of shaping materials?

A

Wastage & Addition & Deforming & Reforming

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2
Q

What is the definition of addition?

A

The process of shaping materials by combining or joining them

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3
Q

What is the definition of deforming?

A

The process of subjecting a material to a stress that changes its shape

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4
Q

What is the definition of reforming?

A

The process of changing the shape of a material typically by melting and pouring or injecting the molten material into a mould

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5
Q

What is the definition of wastage?

A

The process of cutting away material to leave the desired shape

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6
Q

What tools and equipment do you need to perform addition?

A

Screws, nails, adhesives, bolts, rivets, 3d print

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7
Q

What tools and equipment do you need to perform deforming?

A

Laminating, vacuum forming, jigs and formers & being heated

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8
Q

What tools and equipment do you need to perform reforming?

A

Casting, injection moulding

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9
Q

What tools and equipment do you need to perform wastage?

A

Saws, files, glass paper

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10
Q

What HAND saw should you use if you want to cut WOOD in a STRAIGHT LINE?

A

Tenon saw

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11
Q

What HAND saw should you use if you want to cut WOOD in CURVED LINES?

A

Coping saw

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12
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to SHAPE THE EDGES of WOOD?

A

Planes, spokeshaves, rasps

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13
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to SMOOTH THE SURFACE of WOOD?

A

Sand paper

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14
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to HOLLOW WOOD?

A

Chisels, hand routers, gauges

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15
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to DRILL HOLES in WOOD?

A

Wheel brace and bit

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16
Q

What HAND saw should you use if you want to cut METALS in a STRAIGHT LINE?

A

Hacksaw or junior hack saw

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17
Q

What HAND saw should you use if you want to cut METALS in CURVED LINES?

A

Piercing saw

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18
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to SHAPE THE EDGES of METALS?

A

Files

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19
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to SMOOTH THE SURFACE of METALS?

A

Sand papers / cloths / polish

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20
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to HOLLOW METALS?

A

Cold chiesels

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21
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to DRILL HOLES in METALS?

A

Hand drill and twist bit

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22
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to cut PLASTICS in a STRAIGHT LINE?

A

Scoring tool / hacksaw

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23
Q

What HAND saw should you use if you want to cut PLASTICS in CURVED LINES?

A

Coping saw / piercing saw

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24
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to SHAPE THE EDGES of PLASTICS?

A

Files

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25
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to SMOOTH THE SURFACE of PLASTICS?

A

Sand paper / cloths / polish

26
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to HOLLOW PLASTICS?

27
Q

What HAND TOOL should you use if you want to DRILL HOLES in PLASTICS?

A

Hand drill and twist bit

28
Q

What MACHINE SAW should you use if you want to cut WOOD in STRAIGHT LINES?

A

Circular saw

29
Q

What MACHINE SAW should you use if you want to cut WOOD in CURVED LINES?

30
Q

What MACHINE SAW should you use if you want to SHAPE THE EDGES of WOOD?

A

Router, disk/belt sander, lathe

31
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to SMOOTH THE SURFACE of WOOD?

A

Planner thicknesser / belt sander

32
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to HOLLOW WOOD?

33
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to DRILL HOLES in WOOD?

A

Pillar / bench drill

34
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to cut METALS in STRAIGHT LINES?

A

Guillotine / metal cutting bandsaw

35
Q

What MACHINE SAW should you use if you want to cut METALS in CURVED LINES?

36
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to SHAPE THE EDGES OF METALS?

A

Off-hand grinder / centre lathe

37
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to SMOOTH THE SURFACES of METALS?

A

Polishing machines / Belt sander

38
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to HOLLOW METALS?

A

Milling machine

39
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to DRILL HOLES in METALS?

A

Pillar / bench drill

40
Q

What MACHINE SAW should you use if you want to cut PLASTICS in STRAIGHT LINES?

A

Circular saw / bandsaw

41
Q

What MACHINE SAW should you use if you want to cut PLASTICS in CURVED LINES?

42
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to SHAPE THE EDGES of PLASTICS?

A

Disk / belt sander

43
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to SMOOTH THE SURFACES of PLASTICS?

A

Polishing machines

44
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to HOLLOW PLASTICS?

A

Milling machining / router

45
Q

What MACHINE TOOL should you use if you want to DRILL HOLES in PLASTICS?

A

Pillar / bench drill

46
Q

Different types of drilling holes (5)

A
  • Pilot
  • Clearance
  • Tapping
  • Countersunk
  • Counterbored
47
Q

Description of pilot hole

A

The hole is smaller than the screw being used so that the thread cuts in and holds

48
Q

Description of clearance hole

A

The hole is larger than the thread and the shank of a screw (top piece). The screw does not grip or ‘bite’ into the sides, allowing the two pieces to pull together

49
Q

Description of tapping hole

A

Usually used with metals, this is where a screw-thread is added to the inside of a pilot hole, using a tool called a ‘tap’, so that it accepts a machine screw. A thread can be added to the outside of a rod using a tool called a die.
uh i dont get it do u get it

50
Q

Description of a countersunk hole

A

Conical shaped indentation at the top of a hole to accept a countersink headed screw, with the screw head being ‘flush’ (level) with the surface, usually with a 90 degree inclusive angle
(trinity interpretation: it looks like a filter funnel)

51
Q

Description of counterbored hole

A

A larger diameter recess at the top of a hole to accept a cheese or fillister-headed screw, with the screw head being recessed below the surface
(trinity interpretation: looks like a T from the side)

52
Q

Types of deforming processes (5)

A
  • Steam bending
  • Lamination
  • Press forming
  • Vacuum forming
  • Blow moulding
53
Q

Process of steam bending

A

Strips of hardwood are heated in a steam chamber until the wood is pliable enough to easily bend around a former to create a specific shape

54
Q

Process of lamination

A

Thin sheets (veneers) of hardwoods are layered with strong adhesive and pressed in a former until the adhesive cures

55
Q

Prcoess of press forming

A

Sheet materials are pressed between a male and female (?) former, until they cool, to take on a new shape. Some materials need to be heated to become malleable prior to forming, or in the case of metals they can be annealed

56
Q

Process of vacuum forming

A

Plastic sheets are heated to their elastic state, then a former is pressed into the sheet and the air below is evacuated. The external pressure presses the plastic onto the former

57
Q

Process of blow moulding

A

Tubes of plastic are heated and fed through a mould. The air is blown into the tube, forcing it to expand out and form against the mould.

58
Q

Types of reforming processes (4)

A
  • Injection moulding
  • Extrusion
  • Sand casting
  • Die casting
59
Q

Process of injection moulding

A

Plastic beads are heated to their plastic state and injected into a mould to form complex shapes

60
Q

Process of extrusion

A

The material is heated to its plastic state and pushed through a ‘die’ to create components or parts with a fixed cross-sectional profile

61
Q

Process of sand casting

A

Non-ferrous metal is melted and poured into a mould made of a special sand

62
Q

Process of die casting

A

The metal is melted and forced into a hardened tool steel mould (or die)

design technology (11 decks)

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