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design technology > ✅3.6 - Metals > Flashcards

✅3.6 - Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is a metal ore?

A

A rock containing a metal, or a metal compound, in a high concentration to make it economic to extract the metal

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2
Q

Name two iron ores and state what both of them contain

A

Magnetite and haematite contain iron oxide

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3
Q

How is iron extracted from an iron ore?

A

Blast furnace

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4
Q

What do you put in the thing used to extract iron?

A

Put iron, coke and limestone in the blast furnace

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5
Q

What is the source of aluminum?

A

Bauxite, which is a hydrated form of aluminium, extracted by open-casting and crushed and dried

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6
Q

How is aluminium made?

A

An expensive electrolytic process is needed for production, which consumes large quantities of electrical energy

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7
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Mixture of two elements, one of which is a metal

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8
Q

Why are alloys more useful? (3)

A
  • They are often harder than the metal they contain because they have atoms of different sizes which distorts the regular arrangements and makes the layers difficult to slide.
  • Tensile strength increases
  • Malleability and ductility is reduced
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9
Q

What are stainless steels a mixture of?

A

Iron + carbon + chromium

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10
Q

What is work hardening?

A

An increase in the hardness of the metals as a result of working them cold. It causes a permanent distortion of the crystal structure

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11
Q

Two types of metals

A

Ferrous and non-ferrous

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12
Q

Properties of metals (7)

A

Brittleness, ductility, hardness, elasticity, malleability, toughness, work hardening

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13
Q

Properties of ferrous metals

A

They contain iron and they can conduct heat and electricity, and also have high melting points

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14
Q

What happens if oxygen reacts with ferrous metals?

A

Corrode and rust unless they are treated to prevent it

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15
Q

Cast iron properties

A

Brittle and corrodes by rusting

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16
Q

Cast iron uses

A
  • Casting
  • Manhole covers
  • Car brake discs
17
Q

What is stainless steel a mixture of?

A

Alloy of iron, chromium, magnesium, nickel

18
Q

Uses of stainless steel

A
  • Cutlery
  • Kitchen equipment
  • Sanitary and surgical equipment
19
Q

What is high speed steel (HSS) made of?

A

Alloy of iron, tungsten, vanadium, and chromium

20
Q

Uses of high speed steel (HSS)

A
  • Drill bits
  • Lathe tools
  • Milling cutters
21
Q

What is mild steel made of?

A

Alloy of iron with very little carbon

21
Q

What are the uses of mild steel?

A
  • Engineering and construction material
  • ## Nuts, bolts, car body panels
22
Q

What are the uses of high carbon steel?

A
  • Cutting tools
  • Ball bearings
  • Screwdrivers
  • Hammers and saws
23
Q

What are non-ferrous metals?

A

Metals and metal alloys that do not contain iron

24
Q

What are the uses of lead?

A
  • Roofing
  • Construction
  • Casting
  • Lead acid batteries
25
Q

What are the uses of tin?

A
  • Coating on food cans
  • Tin foil
26
Q

What are the uses of zinc?

A
  • Coating on screws, nails, nuts, and bolts
  • Weatherproof steel (galvanising)
27
Q

What are the uses of duraluminium?

A
  • Aircraft construction
  • Boat building
  • Car manufacture
28
Q

What are the uses of aluminium?

A
  • Saucepans
  • Cooking foil
  • Window frames
  • Bicycles
29
Q

What is brass made of?

A

Alloy of copper and zinc (CuZn)

30
Q

What are the uses of brass?

A
  • Decorative metals (handles, ornaments, musical instruments)
31
Q

What are the uses of copper?

A
  • Plumbing
  • Cookware
  • Electrical fittings
  • Roof coverings
32
Q

What is the result after annealing?

A

The metals become softened and can be cut and shaped more easily than if it had not been

33
Q

How does annealing work?

A

it is a process that is often undertaken after a piece of material is work hardened. When a metal is annealed, it is heated to a specific temperature and then cooled - it does not involve working with the material in a hot state. Because heating and cooling changes the molecular structure of the material, causing it to soften.

34
Q

What is tempering?

A

It is usually perfomed after hardening, to reduce excess hardness, and is done by heating the metal to some temperature below critical point for a certain period of time, then allowing it to cool in still air

35
Q

What are the steps of tempering?

A
  1. Metal hardened (cherry red) quench in water
  2. Clean/polish surface wet and dry paper
  3. Heat - colours flow to the end of the water
  4. When desired colour reaches end, quench in water
  5. Metal is tempered
    idk what this means tbh
36
Q

How does case hardening of mild steel work?

A

It hardens 0.05mm of the surface of the metal only, which uniformly hardens the material throughout.

37
Q

What is an advantage of case hardening of mild steel?

A

It leaves the core unhardened, meaning that it is able to retain its malleability and flexibility so that it is easy to work with

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