39 Burns Flashcards
Which of the following is true of fire fatalities and injuries?
A.
There is no predictable pattern of injury or death from fire trauma.
B.
Two thirds of all fire fatalities are men.
C.
The majority of fire deaths occur at work, typically in factories.
D.
The death rate from thermal injury is highest among teenagers.
B
A water temperature of 111° F would be expected to produce which action?
A.
Cause no injury unless there is extended contact (more than 6 hours)
B.
Produce superficial burns only
C.
Cause burns within 1 to 2 minutes of contact
D.
Cause serious burns within seconds of contact
A
Which of the following is true of chemical burns?
A.
Thermal heat is not generated during contact.
B.
The chemical changes in the skin produce more damage than the heat.
C.
Chemical burns usually occur instantaneously on contact.
D.
Chemical burns cause less morbidity than thermal burns.
B
The central zone of a burn that sustains the most intense thermal contact and thus the most severe tissue destruction is the zone of \_\_\_\_\_. A. Stasis C. Coagulation B. Hyperemia D. Hyperosmolarity
C
Which statement describes Jackson’s Thermal Wound Theory?
A.
Zones of burn-injury patterns
B.
Types of injuries expected from various heat applications
C.
The amount of time various temperatures must be applied to create burns
D.
Injury patterns as a result of thermal injuries that differ from those of other burn injuries
A
What is expected to occur to cells in the Zone of Stasis?
A.
Die immediately
B.
Be nonsalvageable despite rapid care
C.
Die within 24 to 48 hours without proper care
D.
Recover within 7 to 10 days if there is no infection
C
Which is an example of a systemic response to burn trauma?
A.
Increased vascular resistance except in the hyperemic zone
B.
A euphoric psychological presentation in response to increased serotonin release
C.
Decreased susceptibility to infection resulting from increased erythrocyte production
D.
Decreased circulating epinephrine from a parasympathetic response to the pain associated with burn trauma
A
Paramedics are dispatched to the scene of an apartment fire. A 27-year-old female has sustained thermal burns to her left arm, left anterior thorax, head, and neck. She is conscious, alert, and in severe pain when you arrive.
The burn area confined to the patient’s left anterior torso is red and wet. It is painful and has intact sensation. Blisters are beginning to form. These findings are consistent with which burn classification? A. First-degree burn B. Second-degree, superficial partial-thickness burn C. Second-degree, deep full-thickness burn D. Third-degree burn
B
Paramedics are dispatched to the scene of an apartment fire. A 27-year-old female has sustained thermal burns to her left arm, left anterior thorax, head, and neck. She is conscious, alert, and in severe pain when you arrive.
The burn area confined to the patient’s left forearm is white and leathery in appearance. There is no painful sensation from this area; however, the area that surrounds it is very painful. These findings are consistent with which burn classification?
A.
First-degree burn
B.
Second-degree, superficial partial-thickness burn
C.
Second-degree, deep partial-thickness burn
D.
Third-degree burn
D
Paramedics are dispatched to the scene of an apartment fire. A 27-year-old female has sustained thermal burns to her left arm, left anterior thorax, head, and neck. She is conscious, alert, and in severe pain when you arrive.
To most accurately calculate the total body surface area (TBSA) burned, the paramedic should use which method? A. The Jackson formula C. The Modified Brooke formula B. The Parkland formula D. The Lund and Browder chart
D
Paramedics are dispatched to the scene of an apartment fire. A 27-year-old female has sustained thermal burns to her left arm, left anterior thorax, head, and neck. She is conscious, alert, and in severe pain when you arrive.
On further examination, you determine that this patient has burns to her entire left arm, the left half of her anterior torso, and one half of her head and neck. Using the rule of nines, you calculate the TBSA burned to be approximately \_\_\_\_\_%. A. 18 C. 27 B. 22.5 D. 36.5
B
Paramedics are dispatched to the scene of an apartment fire. A 27-year-old female has sustained thermal burns to her left arm, left anterior thorax, head, and neck. She is conscious, alert, and in severe pain when you arrive.
There are four other burn patients in the treatment area. Which patient would be classified as a major burn patient?
A.
A 47-year-old male with 15% first-degree burns to the posterior torso
B.
A 19-year-old male with 18% second- and third-degree burns to his legs and arms
C.
A 35-year-old female with a 2-inch by 4-inch third-degree burn to the abdomen
D.
A 57-year-old female with 15% second- and third-degree burns to her hands and arms
D
The rule of nines is most accurate in which faction? A. Children over age ten and adults B. Burns that are irregularly shaped C. Burns that are distributed over the body D. First-degree burns
A
The emergent phase of burn trauma is marked by which aspect?
A.
A release of vasoactive substances from the burned tissue
B.
Intravascular fluid loss and wound edema
C.
Compromised cardiac output
D.
A decrease in blood flow to the area followed by a marked increase in arteriolar vasodilation
D
Paramedics arrive on the scene of a house fire to find a 17-year-old male with partial-thickness burns covering 60% of his body. He reportedly jumped from a second-story window to escape the flames. The fire began approximately 20 minutes ago.
The patient is hypotensive; what abnormality should the paramedic suspect? (Refer to the previously described scenario.)
A.
Hypovolemia as a result of fluid shifting secondary to his burns
B.
That another injury is causing his hypovolemia
C.
A release of vasoactive chemicals has caused increased capillary permeability.
D.
He has lost a significant amount of fluid through his burned tissue.
B
Paramedics arrive on the scene of a house fire to find a 17-year-old male with partial-thickness burns covering 60% of his body. He reportedly jumped from a second-story window to escape the flames. The fire began approximately 20 minutes ago.
The greatest loss of intravascular fluids secondary to this burn is expected to occur in the first \_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_ hours. A. 1 to 3 C. 8 to 12 B. 3 to 5 D. 12 to 24
C
Paramedics arrive on the scene of a house fire to find a 17-year-old male with partial-thickness burns covering 60% of his body. He reportedly jumped from a second-story window to escape the flames. The fire began approximately 20 minutes ago.
Which fluid will best manage this patient? A. Packed red blood cells C. Colloid solutions B. Whole blood D. Crystalloid solutions
D
Paramedics arrive on the scene of a house fire to find a 17-year-old male with partial-thickness burns covering 60% of his body. He reportedly jumped from a second-story window to escape the flames. The fire began approximately 20 minutes ago.
If this patient is not treated appropriately, the paramedic would expect which result?
A.
Fluid shifting from the extravascular space into the blood vessels to continue
B.
Sodium to continue to increase inside the blood vessels
C.
The blood will become hemodiluted.
D.
Changes in blood composition will lead to renal failure.
D
When should the Lund and Browder chart be used for measuring burn injuries? A. Burns are irregularly shaped. C. The patient is at least 12 years of age. B. The patient is an infant. D. The patient has first-degree burns.
B
When is the rule of palms recommended? A. Burns are irregularly shaped. B. The patient is an infant. C. The size of the patient’s palm is at least 2 inches in width. D. The patient has first-degree burns.
A
Above and beyond the care required by lesser burns, full-thickness burns require which management technique? A. Antibiotic therapy C. Skin grafts B. Fluid replacement D. Silvadene treatments
C
Which of the following accurately describes the consensus formula for fluid resuscitation following burns?
A.
1 mL/kg of fluid multiplied by TBSA burned is administered.
B.
Fifty percent of the calculated amount is infused in the first 8 hours.
C.
The consensus formula defines the amount of fluids to be administered for the first 3 days.
D.
The amount of fluid is calculated on the basis of all types of first-, second-, and third-degree burns.
B
