14 Venous Access and Medication Administration Flashcards
1
Q
What unit of measurement is the most commonly used in the medical community? A. Apothecary system C. Statistical system B. Common household system D. Metric system
A
D
2
Q
What is the metric unit for linear measurement? A. Liter C. Gram B. Meter D. Yard
A
B
3
Q
What is the metric unit for volume? A. Liter C. Gram B. Meter D. Yard
A
A
4
Q
What is the metric unit for weight? A. Liter C. Gram B. Meter D. Yard
A
C
5
Q
What is one liter equal to? A. 10 mL C. 1000 mL B. 100 mL D. 1,000,000 mL
A
C
6
Q
1 gram is equal to \_\_\_\_\_ micrograms. A. 10 C. 1000 B. 100 D. 1,000,000
A
D
7
Q
What unit of measurement is most commonly used to measure body organs? A. Kilometer C. Micrometer B. Centimeter D. Meter
A
B
8
Q
What is a kilogram equal to? A. 2.2 pounds C. 8.2 pounds B. 4.4 pounds D. 8.4 pounds
A
A
9
Q
What does a patient weighing 220 pounds weigh in kilograms? A. 100 kg C. 440 kg B. 110 kg D. 484 kg
A
A
10
Q
What is the primary unit of mass in the apothecary system? A. Minim C. Grain B. Milligram D. Ounce
A
C
11
Q
To convert a temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius, after subtracting 32, what is the next course of action? A. Multiply by 5/9 C. Subtract 5/9 B. Multiply by 9/5 D. Add 9/5
A
A
12
Q
What is the normal body temperature? A. 32° C C. 40° C B. 37° C D. 45° C
A
B
13
Q
To form secondary units from the basic unit of the metric system, what should you divide or multiply by? A. 5, 10, 20 parts C. 10, 100, or 1000 parts B. 5, 15, 30 parts D. 5, 10, 100 parts
A
C
14
Q
How are Insulin syringes marked? A. 1-unit increments C. 1000-unit increments B. 1-mL increments D. 1000-mL increments
A
A
15
Q
How are Tuberculin syringes marked? A. 0.01-mL gradient C. 3- to 6-mL gradient B. 1- to 2-mL gradient D. 6- to 10-mL gradient
A
A
16
Q
You are instructed to administer 40 mg of Lasix. You have a prefilled syringe containing 80 mg Lasix in 10 mL. How much should be administered? A. 4 mL C. 8 mL B. 5 mL D. 10 mL
A
B
17
Q
If you want to administer 200 mL/hour of normal saline with a 10 drops/mL administration set, what is the correct flow rate? A. 10 drops/minute C. 33 drops/minute B. 20 drops/minute D. 66 drops/minute
A
C
18
Q
What does a microdrip administration set deliver? A. 10 drops/mL C. 20 drops/mL B. 15 drops/mL D. 60 drops/mL
A
D
19
Q
You are ordered to administer 4 mg per minute of lidocaine to a patient with a ventricular dysrhythmia. The lidocaine is mixed 4 mg/mL and you are using a 60 drops/mL administration set. What is the correct flow rate? A. 15 drops/minute C. 45 drops/minute B. 30 drops/minute D. 60 drops/minute
A
D
20
Q
What is the technique of giving an IV medication in less than 1 to 3 minutes through an IV line called? A. Infusion C. Bolus B. Hickman D. Intermittent infusion
A
C
21
Q
Which term completes the five patient rights of drug administration? Right patient, right dose, right medication, right route, and right \_\_\_\_\_. A. Concentration C. Amount B. Time D. Orders
A
B
22
Q
What is the “sixth patient right” of medication administration?
A.
Double calculation of a medication dosage
B.
Asking the patient about allergies to medication
C.
Having a co-worker check your calculations
D.
Correct and thorough documentation of the medication administered
A
D
23
Q
What is the minimum length of time you should monitor a patient after administering a medication? A. 1 minute C. 15 minutes B. 5 minutes D. 30 minutes
A
B
24
Q
Your paramedic partner has just finished discussing a medication order with the medical director of your base hospital. Your paramedic partner draws up the medication and hands you the syringe of medication to administer to the patient. What is the most appropriate action to take?
A.
Give the medication immediately.
B.
Never administer an unlabeled medication prepared by another person.
C.
Talk to medical direction yourself before you can give the medication prepared by your partner.
D.
Make sure your paramedic partner tells you what medication is in the syringe before you administer the medication.
A
B
25
You are instructed to administer an intravenous (IV) medication to a patient by medical direction. As you prepare to administer a medication from your drug box, you observe it is discolored and cloudy. What is the best course of action to execute?
A.
Give the medication as directed.
B.
Dilute the medication until it becomes clear.
C.
Never administer a medication that is discolored or cloudy.
D.
Administer the medication slowly in the IV line so it will dilute and clear with the IV fluid.
C
26
```
What term best describes the removal or destruction of disease-causing organisms or infected material?
A.
Medical asepsis
C.
Debridement
B.
Medical cleansing
D.
Sterilization
```
A
27
```
What is the use of equipment and fields that are free of all forms and types of life called?
A.
Medical asepsis
C.
Body substance isolation
B.
Sterile technique
D.
Universal precautions
```
B
28
What is the purpose of using clean techniques in the field?
A.
Use sterile techniques and surgical asepsis.
B.
Ensure the field is free of all forms of life.
C.
Focus on destroying pathogens.
D.
Eliminate the chance of infection.
C
29
```
What do antiseptics and disinfectants (chemical agents) kill?
A.
Specific groups of microorganisms
C.
Spores of fungi
B.
Spores of bacteria
D.
Resistant bacterial strains
```
A
30
```
A chemical agent that is used only on nonliving objects and that is toxic to living tissue is a(n) _____ agent.
A.
Disinfectant
C.
Antifungal
B.
Antiseptic
D.
Antiviral
```
A
31
```
A chemical agent that is used on living tissue and that is diluted to prevent cell damage is a(n) _____ agent.
A.
Disinfectant
C.
Antifungal
B.
Antiseptic
D.
Antiviral
```
B
32
```
Lysol is an example of what type of cleansing agent?
A.
Disinfectant
C.
Antifungal
B.
Antiseptic
D.
AntiviralA
```
A
33
What is sterilization recommended for?
A.
Reusable instruments that come in contact with mucous membranes
B.
Surfaces that come into contact with intact skin
C.
Environmental surfaces that have become soiled
D.
Instruments or devices that penetrate the skin
D
34
```
A face shield is indicated when administering what type of medication?
A.
Intramuscular (IM)
C.
Endotracheal (ET)
B.
Subcutaneous (SQ)
D.
Intravenous (IV)
```
C
35
```
How would you position a child for rectal drug administration?
A.
Lying on the back with knees flexed
B.
Lying in the lateral recumbent position with legs flexed
C.
Lying prone
D.
Lying supine
```
B
36
```
What is the single most important measure that can be taken to reduce the risk of transmitting organisms from one person to another ?
A.
Sterile asepsis
C.
Using disinfectants
B.
Handwashing
D.
Using barrier devices
```
B
37
Before administering a medication through an orogastric or nasogastric tube, what action must the paramedic implement?
A.
Dilute all medications with 100 mL of normal saline.
B.
Verify correct placement of the tube.
C.
Sedate the patient.
D.
Have the patient standing when the medication is administered.
B
38
```
After administering a medication through an orogastric or nasogastric tube, what action must the paramedic implement?
A.
Flush the tube with 30 mL of water.
B.
Have the patient swallow repeatedly.
C.
Encourage the patient to stand for 15 to 20 minutes.
D.
Confirm tube placement.
```
A
39
```
What emergency medication can paramedics administer via a gastric tube?
A.
Aspirin
C.
Activated charcoal
B.
Antibiotics
D.
Activase
```
C
40
```
What is a glass container that holds one dose of medication and has a glass top that must be snapped off called?
A.
Vial
C.
Prefilled syringe
B.
Ampule
D.
Tubex
```
B
41
```
What is a glass or plastic container with a rubber stopper that holds multiple medication doses for injection called?
A.
Vial
C.
Prefilled syringe
B.
Ampule
D.
Tubex
```
A
42
You have just administered an IV medication to your patient that was prepared for you by your paramedic partner. After administering the medication, you realize your partner prepared the wrong medication. What action should immediately be taken?
A.
Place the blame on your partner and your partner write the report.
B.
Immediately call the state Pharmacy Board and inform them of the error.
C.
Document the drug you intended to give.
D.
Immediately advise medical direction and carefully monitor the patient for effects of the medication.
D
43
```
When cleaning the skin before an IM injection, what is the proper technique?
A.
Wipe once with an alcohol wipe.
B.
Wipe once with a disinfectant.
C.
Clean the skin with water only.
D.
Clean with concentric circles, moving outward from the site.
```
D
44
```
When documenting parenteral medications, you must document medication, dosage, time, route, and what other form of documentation?
A.
Size of the syringe
C.
Site of injection
B.
Size of the medication container
D.
Type of dressing
```
C
45
```
What are medications administered and absorbed through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract called?
A.
Oral medications
C.
Enteral medications
B.
IM medications
D.
Parenteral medications
```
C
46
```
What is the most commonly used route of medication administration?
A.
IM
C.
Oral
B.
IV
D.
SQ
```
C
47
```
What is a suppository medication designed for?
A.
Oral administration
C.
Oral gastric tube administration
B.
IV administration
D.
Rectal administration
```
D
48
```
What is medication administration by the intramuscular, intravenous, or intraosseous route called?
A.
Parenteral
C.
Integumentary
B.
Enteral
D.
Periosteal
```
A
49
```
When drawing medication from a vial, the paramedic must inject a volume of air into the vial equivalent to the amount of solution being withdrawn in order to prevent what complication?
A.
A vacuum in the vial
C.
Creating bubbles in the vial
B.
Injecting pathogens into the vial
D.
Diluting the medication in the vial
```
A
50
What action must be taken when withdrawing medication from a glass ampule?
A.
Clean the entire ampule with alcohol.
B.
Wrap the neck of the glass ampule with an alcohol swab or gauze.
C.
Tap the top of the ampule against a hard surface to break off the cap.
D.
Squeeze the bottom of the ampule tightly enough for it to crack.
B
51
```
A filter needle should be used when withdrawing medication from what type of container?
A.
Multidose vial
C.
Ampule
B.
Reconstituted powder vial
D.
Prefilled syringe
```
C
52
```
What is an injection commonly used for allergy testing, in which the injection is made just below the epidermis called?
A.
Subcutaneous injection
C.
Intradermal injection
B.
Intramuscular injection
D.
Epidermal injection
```
C
53
```
When inserting the needle for an intradermal injection, what is the correct angle for insertion?
A.
2 to 3 degrees
C.
5 to 10 degrees
B.
4 to 5 degrees
D.
10 to 15 degrees
```
D
54
```
What are the forearm and the back common sites for?
A.
Subcutaneous injections
C.
Intradermal injections
B.
Intramuscular injections
D.
Epidermal injections
```
C
55
```
To deliver a subcutaneous injection, what technique should be implemented?
A.
Spread the skin taut.
C.
Insert the needle with the bevel down.
B.
Use a 1- or 1½-inch needle.
D.
Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle.
```
D
56
What is the process of aspiration?
A.
Injecting a medication slowly into a muscle
B.
Pulling back on the plunger to ensure that the needle has not been placed in a blood vessel
C.
Injecting two medications into the same muscle
D.
Inserting-injecting-withdrawing-reinserting the needle into a muscle
B
57
What action should be taken to promote absorption of a medication following injection?
A.
Apply heat packs to the skin for 2 or 3 minutes.
B.
Massage the site briefly.
C.
Elevate the site.
D.
Inject a saline flush following the medication.
B
58
```
When administering an intramuscular injection, insert the needle at a 90-degree angle and perform which action to the skin?
A.
Pinch
C.
Hold taut
B.
Indent
D.
Pull up
```
C
59
```
Where is the deltoid muscle found?
A.
Lateral to the femur
C.
In the upper arm
B.
In the forearm
D.
Anterior to the superior iliac spine
```
C
60
```
When injecting into the deltoid muscle, care must be taken to avoid hitting what nerve?
A.
Radial
C.
Acromion
B.
Sciatic
D.
Femoral
```
A
61
```
When administering an injection into the dorsogluteal muscle, imagine four quadrants on the buttock and inject into which quadrant?
A.
Upper inner quadrant
C.
Lower inner quadrant
B.
Upper outer quadrant
D.
Lower outer quadrant
```
B
62
```
Correct location of injection into gluteal muscle will avoid accidental injury to which nerve?
A.
Radial
C.
Acromion
B.
Sciatic
D.
Femoral
```
B
63
```
What position promotes gluteal muscle relaxation?
A.
Supine with the toes pointing outward
C.
Prone with the toes pointing outward
B.
Supine with the toes pointing inward
D.
Prone with the toes pointing inward
```
D
64
```
What is the site most commonly used in the prehospital setting to start a peripheral IV?
A.
Lower extremity
C.
External jugular vein
B.
Subclavian vein
D.
Upper extremity
```
D
65
```
What is a characteristic of “butterfly” needles?
A.
Hollow needles
C.
Over-the-catheter needles
B.
Plastic needles
D.
Indwelling plastic needles
```
A
66
```
What type of intravenous catheter is most commonly used in the prehospital setting?
A.
Over-the-needle catheter
C.
Through-the-needle catheter
B.
Hollow catheter
D.
Butterfly catheter
```
A
67
```
A Port-a-Cath is an example of what type of device?
A.
Saline lock
C.
Implantable access
B.
Atrial catheter
D.
PICC line
```
C
68
```
You are called to the scene of a 4-year-old male who was struck by a van. The child is in cardiopulmonary arrest. You have attempted peripheral IV access three times without success. What type of access should be obtained for administration of fluids and medications?
A.
Subclavian IV line
C.
Intraosseous infusion
B.
Internal jugular IV line
D.
Peripheral IV access
```
C
69
```
Where are sublingual medications administered?
A.
Over the skin of the chest
C.
Between the patient’s cheek and gum
B.
Into the subcutaneous tissue
D.
Under the patient’s tongue
```
D
70
```
Where are buccal medications administered?
A.
Over the skin of the chest
C.
Between the patient’s cheek and gum
B.
Into the subcutaneous tissue
D.
Under the patient’s tongue
```
C
71
```
What are liquid or solid particles of a substance dispersed in a gas or solution and given as medications called?
A.
Patch medications
C.
Aerosol medications
B.
Intraosseous medications
D.
Buccal medications
```
C
72
```
Asthma patients are commonly prescribed medications, such as albuterol, levalbuterol, and isoetharine. How are they usually administered?
A.
Self-administered saline lock
C.
Topical paste
B.
Topical patch
D.
Metered-dose inhaler
```
D
73
When administering a drug via the endotracheal tube, what action should the paramedic implement?
A.
Increase the dose by 2 to 2½ times the IV dose.
B.
Concentrate the drug so that it is in no more than 1 mL of fluid.
C.
Limit ventilation for 30 seconds after administration to allow for absorption.
D.
Repeat the dose at half the normal time interval.
A
74
```
What is the quickest method for getting fluids and medications into the bloodstream?
A.
Intramuscular injection
C.
Intravenous injection
B.
Subcutaneous injection
D.
Intradermal injection
```
C
75
```
What is a characteristic of large-lumen needles?
A.
Small numbers (12 gauge)
C.
Letters (A gauge)
B.
Large numbers (24 gauge)
D.
Double letters (AA gauge)
```
A
76
Proper application of a tourniquet for use in establishing an IV should result in occlusion of what?
A.
The venous vessel without occlusion of the arterial vessel
B.
The arterial vessel without occlusion of the venous vessel
C.
Both the venous and the arterial vessels
D.
Neither the venous nor the arterial vessel
A
77
```
When choosing a location for venipuncture, what is the most appropriate vein?
A.
Proximal
C.
Leg
B.
Distal
D.
Central
```
B
78
```
To locate the jugular vein, how should the patient be positioned?
A.
Head up, head turned toward you
B.
Head up, head turned away from you
C.
Head down, head turned toward you
D.
Head down, head turned away from you
```
D
79
```
Which site is used for central venous cannulation?
A.
Antecubital fossa
C.
External jugular vein
B.
Subclavian vein
D.
Saphenous vein
```
B
80
```
What is a potential hazard associated with parenteral medication administration?
A.
Injection of needle splinters
C.
Cellulitis or abscess formation
B.
Hypovolemia
D.
Slow medication absorption
```
C
81
```
What is the most common infection resulting from needlestick injury?
A.
Hepatitis C
C.
Syphilis
B.
HIV
D.
Tuberculosis
```
A
82
When reconstituting dry powders for injection, what action should be taken?
A.
Add extra normal saline to the mixture to prevent caking in the syringe.
B.
Thoroughly mix the diluent and powder in the closed vial.
C.
Add alcohol to the mixture to allow for even mixing.
D.
Warm the mixture for 2 to 3 minutes to allow the medication to dissolve.
B
83
What is the proper technique for mixing two compatible medications into one syringe for injection?
A.
Draw each medication into a separate syringe and then inject the contents of one syringe into the other.
B.
Heat the solution for 15 seconds to ensure thorough mixing.
C.
Carefully aspirate the medications without injecting them back into the vial.
D.
Dilute both medications in at least 10 mL of fluid to allow for proper mixing.
C
84
```
What IV site has the greatest incidence of embolism and infection?
A.
Antecubital fossa
C.
Saphenous vein
B.
Dorsum of the hand
D.
Brachial vein
```
C
85
```
What is a systemic complication associated with peripheral intravenous therapy?
A.
Pulmonary embolism
C.
Cellulitis
B.
Hematoma
D.
Pneumothorax
```
A
86
```
You have started a central IV line on a critical patient and are en route to the hospital. Just as you notice the IV tubing has accidentally disconnected from the catheter, your patient becomes cyanotic, weak, and dyspneic, has a rapid pulse, and begins to lose consciousness. What complication should the paramedic suspect?
A.
Fluid overload
C.
Hypovolemia
B.
Air embolism
D.
Infiltration
```
B
87
```
Pneumothorax is a common complication of cannulating which vein?
A.
Brachial
C.
External jugular
B.
Internal jugular
D.
Subclavian
```
D
88
You initiated an IV in the antecubital space of an unconscious hypoglycemic diabetic patient. You notice that the fluids are running very slowly, and the skin in the arm above the IV site is cool and pale. What action should be taken next?
A.
Discontinue the IV and restart it in the other arm.
B.
Flush the line with normal saline and see if the infusion rate increases.
C.
Push D50W 25 grams IV slowly.
D.
Start another IV below the first one.
A
89
To avoid needlestick injuries, what action should health care providers implement?
A.
Recap needles immediately after use.
B.
Bend needles by hand.
C.
Remove the needle from the disposable syringe.
D.
Use needleless products when possible, and dispose of sharps in a proper container.
D
90
```
Subcutaneous injections can be given with what size needle?
A.
16-gauge
C.
30-gauge
B.
23-gauge
D.
45-gauge
```
B
91
```
What is the most common reason for a paramedic to obtain a blood sample in the field?
A.
Allergy testing
C.
Glucose testing
B.
HIV testing
D.
Alcohol testing
```
C
