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S1 > 37 Trauma overview and mechanism of injury > Flashcards

37 Trauma overview and mechanism of injury Flashcards

1
Q 
Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for which age group?
A.
Patients over 75 years of age
C.
Persons 1 to 44 years of age
B.
Children under the age of 1
D.
Adults between the ages of 30 and 50
A

C

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2
Q

What is true about deaths caused by unintentional injury?
A.
They have been steadily declining since 1990.
B.
They are increasing yearly.
C.
They are generally not preventable.
D.
They have no predictable patterns, making prevention difficult.

A

B

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3
Q 
Public education concerning injury prevention would be classified as what phase of trauma care?
A.
Pre-incident
C.
Post-incident
B.
Incident
D.
Preplanning
A

A

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4
Q 
The paramedic delivering direct patient care is known as what phase of trauma care?
A.
Pre-incident
C.
Post-incident
B.
Incident
D.
Preplanning
A

C

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5
Q 
An example of a role the paramedic plays during the incident phase of trauma care includes which of the following?
A.
Preparing the patient for transport
C.
Participating in public education
B.
Preplanning for future incidents
D.
Driving safely with seat belts on
A

D

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6
Q 
What is the most critical factor in the survival of any severely injured patient?
A.
Time from incident to definitive care
B.
Skills of trauma surgeons at the receiving hospital
C.
Presence of ALS providers at the scene
D.
Type of protective factors used
A

A

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7
Q

The “golden hour” describes which aspect of trauma care?
A.
Amount of time a serious trauma patient can usually tolerate surgery
B.
First hour after severe injury
C.
Time spent preparing for an emergency response
D.
Transport time for the average trauma patient

A

B

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8
Q

What is the only effective way to prevent immediate trauma deaths?
A.
Physician presence in the prehospital setting
B.
Rapid transport to a trauma center
C.
Injury-prevention programs
D.
Trauma surgery within 20 minutes of the injury

A

C

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9
Q 
Late trauma deaths most often result from which condition?
A.
Hemorrhage
C.
Pneumothorax
B.
Major head injury
D.
Sepsis
A

D

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10
Q 
What is the leading cause of death in children under 4 years of age for injuries sustained?
A.
Falls
C.
Pedestrian injuries
B.
Motor vehicle crashes
D.
Bicycle crashes
A

B

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11
Q 
Based on the American College of Surgeons’ Categorization of Resources, which hospital can provide total care for every aspect of injury?
A.
Level 1
C.
Level 3
B.
Level 2
D.
Specialized care facility
A

A

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12
Q 
National standards concerning the use of ground ambulance transportation define the “reasonable amount of time” that it takes severe trauma patients to reach definitive care after their injuries as being within \_\_\_\_\_ minutes.
A.
10
C.
90
B.
60
D.
120
A

B

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13
Q 
A hospital that offers a burn center would be classified as which type of center?
A.
Level 1
C.
Level 3
B.
Level 2
D.
Specialized care facility
A

D

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14
Q 
Considerations for air ambulance transport would include which aspect?
A.
Weight of the patient
C.
Distance to the appropriate facility
B.
Size of the helicopter
D.
Preference of the patient
A

C

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15
Q 
The “golden hour” begins at which time?
A.
At the time of injury
B.
When EMS arrives on the scene
C.
When EMS is dispatched to the scene
D.
When EMS arrives at the emergency department
A

A

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16
Q 
The statement that an object in motion or at rest remains in that state until acted upon by an outside force reflects which act?
A.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
C.
Kinetic Energy Dissipation Law
B.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
D.
Conservation of Energy Law
A

A

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17
Q 
The statement that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change form, best reflects which act?
A.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
C.
Kinetic Energy Formula
B.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
D.
Conservation of Energy Law
A

D

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18
Q 
The statement that force equals mass multiplied by acceleration or deceleration most closely reflects which act?
A.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
C.
Kinetic Energy Dissipation Law
B.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
D.
Conservation of Energy Law
A

B

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19
Q 
When calculating kinetic energy, what is the most important variable relating to total kinetic energy?
A.
Mass
C.
Velocity
B.
Gravity
D.
Friction
A

C

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20
Q

A car strikes a tree at 50 miles per hour. What does Newton’s first law of motion state?
A.
Body inside the vehicle will travel at 50 miles an hour until acted on by an outside force.
B.
Energy of the body cannot be destroyed, but the form can be changed.
C.
Force on the body equals the mass times acceleration.
D.
Kinetic energy of the body will be determined primarily by the velocity.

A

A

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21
Q 
What is the definition of kinematics?
A.
The study of forces and motion
B.
The process of predicting injury patterns
C.
The study of fatal injury patterns
D.
The process of investigating the causes of motor vehicle crashes
A

B

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22
Q

Which of the following is true regarding rear-end collisions?
A.
The sum of the speeds of the vehicles involved produces the damage.
B.
The difference between the speeds of the vehicles involved produces the damage.
C.
The sum of the mass of both vehicles involved produces the damage.
D.
The difference between the masses of both vehicles involved produces the damage.

A

B

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23
Q 
A 32-year-old patient is the unrestrained driver of a vehicle involved in a head-on collision. The paramedic finds the patient positioned under the steering wheel. Predictable injury patterns associated with the patient position include which injury?
A.
Humerus fracture
C.
Hip dislocation
B.
Cerebral contusion
D.
Pneumothorax
A

C

24
Q 
The “up and over” pathway of motion is most frequently associated with patients injured in what type of motor vehicle collision?
A.
Rear-end impact
C.
Lateral impact
B.
Frontal impact
D.
Rotational impact
A

B

25
Q 
A 40-year-old has been involved in a motor vehicle collision with rotational impact. Predictable injuries would be the same as those found in which impacts?
A.
Head-on
C.
Head-on and rear
B.
Head-on and lateral
D.
Lateral
A

B

26
Q 
What types of injuries are seen in rollover collisions?
A.
Most often limited to the head and spine
B.
Usually limited to one body system
C.
Not affected by the speed of travel
D.
Unpredictable and difficult to categorize
A

D

27
Q

Ejection from vehicles normally possess which characteristic?
A.
Never occurs when occupants are restrained
B.
Decreases the risk for spinal trauma but increases the risk for head trauma
C.
Creates a sixfold increase for the risk of death
D.
Is becoming more common because fewer people are wearing seat belts

A

C

28
Q 
An improperly worn lap belt can cause injury to what area of the spine during frontal impact?
A.
C2-C5
C.
T12-L2
B.
T2-T5
D.
L3-L4
A

C

29
Q

Paramedics respond to a motor vehicle collision involving a 16-year-old girl who is 5 feet tall and weighs 100 pounds. She was restrained in the front driver’s seat by a lap belt and diagonal shoulder harness. The air bags have deployed. What is true of the patient regarding air bag deployment?
A.
She is too old to be considered at high risk for injury from an air bag deployment.
B.
She is not at risk from air bag deployment because the lap belt and diagonal shoulder harness were in place.
C.
She is at risk for injuries associated with air bag deployment.
D.
She probably was not injured because the air bag deployed.

A

C

30
Q

When in an emergency vehicle, a 5-year-old child being transported for an upper respiratory tract infection should be restrained in which position?
A.
The airway seat, rear facing
B.
An appropriately sized car seat secured to the stretcher
C.
The arms of the parents, both secured to the stretcher
D.
The arms of the parents, both sitting on the bench seat

A

B

31
Q

A patient crashes his car at high speed into a tree, causing major front-end damage to the car. The driver is unrestrained and the car is not equipped with air bags. His chest strikes the steering wheel.

Common injury patterns to organs resulting from trauma similar to that described in the Crash Scenario occur at which locality?
A.
Proximal aspect of the organ
B.
Point of attachment of the organ to the body
C.
Part of the organ nearest another body organ
D.
Most dense part of the organ

A

B

32
Q

A patient crashes his car at high speed into a tree, causing major front-end damage to the car. The driver is unrestrained and the car is not equipped with air bags. His chest strikes the steering wheel.

In the Crash Scenario, paramedics would expect an injury to the aorta to occur at which locality?
A.
Point of attachment to the ligament
B.
Base of the aortic arch
C.
Beginning of the descending abdominal aorta
D.
Origin of the aorta from the heart
A

A

33
Q

A patient crashes his car at high speed into a tree, causing major front-end damage to the car. The driver is unrestrained and the car is not equipped with air bags. His chest strikes the steering wheel.

Injuries to the lung because of trauma similar to the Crash Scenario include alveolar rupture known as which effect?
A.
Balloon
C.
Pressure
B.
Paper bag
D.
Blow out
A

B

34
Q

A patient crashes his car at high speed into a tree, causing major front-end damage to the car. The driver is unrestrained and the car is not equipped with air bags. His chest strikes the steering wheel.

If the patient in the Crash Scenario had taken a deep breath before striking his chest against the steering wheel, the paramedic would expect which injury?
A.
Pneumothorax
C.
Cardiac tamponade
B.
Flail chest
D.
Hemothorax
A

A

35
Q 
If a hollow organ is injured because of compression of the abdominal cavity, the paramedic should suspect which condition?
A.
Hemorrhage
C.
Organ fracture
B.
Organ rupture
D.
Organ perforation
A

D

36
Q

Patients injured in small motorized vehicles should expect what to occur?
A.
Generally minimal injury
B.
Unlikely to be injured because of the slow speed of the vehicles
C.
Injured in haphazard, unpredictable patterns
D.
Likely to receive severe injuries because of minimal protection offered by the vehicle

A

D

37
Q 
During a frontal crash, the center of gravity of a motorcycle typically causes the rider to experience which result?
A.
Thrown over the handlebars
B.
Thrown backward from the bike
C.
Trapped under the bike when it falls to the side
D.
Roll forward with the bike
A

A

38
Q

Laying a motorcycle down typically results in which injury?
A.
More severe injuries than if the rider had stayed with the bike
B.
Major head trauma
C.
Less severe injuries than those incurred by other types of impacts
D.
Paper-bag injuries

A

C

39
Q 
The typical third impact in an auto-pedestrian collision is during which occurrence?
A.
Vehicle hitting the body
B.
Pedestrian striking the hood of the vehicle
C.
Pedestrian striking the ground
D.
Vehicle hitting a stationary object
A

C

40
Q

A 30-year-old woman is hit by a car traveling 10 miles per hour. Which circumstance should the paramedic suspect?
A.
A frontal impact
B.
Injuries to the pelvis
C.
The patient to be thrown backward onto the ground
D.
The patient to be thrown onto the hood of the vehicle

A

D

41
Q

Paramedics respond to a call for a 9-year-old child involved in a car-pedestrian collision. Bystanders report that the patient was crossing the street, saw the oncoming vehicle, and just “froze.” There is significant damage to the front bumper of the vehicle. Paramedics arrive to find the child lying supine behind the car.

Because of the age of the patient, the paramedic should suspect that the injury pattern sustained is from which impact? (Refer to the previously described scenario.)
A.
Frontal
C.
Posterior
B.
Lateral
D.
Extremity
A

A

42
Q

Paramedics respond to a call for a 9-year-old child involved in a car-pedestrian collision. Bystanders report that the patient was crossing the street, saw the oncoming vehicle, and just “froze.” There is significant damage to the front bumper of the vehicle. Paramedics arrive to find the child lying supine behind the car.

The paramedic should maintain a high index of suspicion for an initial impact injury to which locality? (Refer to the previously described scenario.)
A.
Lower extremities
C.
Head
B.
Pelvis
D.
Upper extremities
A

B

43
Q

Paramedics respond to a call for a 9-year-old child involved in a car-pedestrian collision. Bystanders report that the patient was crossing the street, saw the oncoming vehicle, and just “froze.” There is significant damage to the front bumper of the vehicle. Paramedics arrive to find the child lying supine behind the car.

The fact that the child is found lying behind the vehicle leads the paramedic to suspect that the child likely encountered which aspect? (Refer to the previously described scenario.)
A.
Was thrown up and over the vehicle
C.
Is not seriously injured
B.
Was pulled under the vehicle
D.
Was moved by bystanders
A

B

44
Q

Paramedics respond to the scene of an explosion at a chemical plant. A 39-year-old male was in a closed space when the explosion occurred.

During the initial assessment of this patient, you notice a penetrating chest wound. This wound was most likely the result of the \_\_\_\_\_ blast injury. (Refer to the previously described scenario.)
A.
Primary
C.
Tertiary
B.
Secondary
D.
Miscellaneous
A

B

45
Q

Paramedics respond to the scene of an explosion at a chemical plant. A 39-year-old male was in a closed space when the explosion occurred.

During the rapid head-to-toe focused examination, you notice blood coming from the patient’s right ear, and the patient is complaining of difficulty in hearing. The injury is the result of the \_\_\_\_\_ blast injury. (Refer to the previously described scenario.)
A.
Primary
C.
Tertiary
B.
Secondary
D.
Miscellaneous
A

A

46
Q

Paramedics respond to the scene of an explosion at a chemical plant. A 39-year-old male was in a closed space when the explosion occurred

The patient also has 20% third-degree burns to the anterior thorax. This injury can be classified as the _____ blast injury. (Refer to the previously described scenario.)
.

A

A

47
Q 
Miscellaneous blast injuries result from \_\_\_\_\_.
A.
Pressure waves
C.
Being propelled through space
B.
Projectiles
D.
Inhalation of toxic dust
A

D

48
Q 
Paramedics are called to the scene for a 2-year-old male who has fallen approximately 3 feet onto a concrete surface. On your arrival, the child is breathing but unconscious. Because of the mechanism of injury, the paramedic should suspect trauma to which area of the body?
A.
The feet
C.
The buttocks
B.
The upper extremities
D.
The head
A

D

49
Q 
Eighty percent of falls involve patients of which age group?
A.
Less than 2 years of age
C.
Between 14 and 16 years of age
B.
Between 4 and 6 years of age
D.
Older than 65 years of age
A

D

50
Q 
Adults who fall more than 15 feet generally land on which locality?
A.
Head
C.
Hands and knees
B.
Outstretched hands
D.
Feet
A

D

51
Q 
A bomb was detonated in a court house. Several patients are injured. A 34-year-old has suffered hearing loss and has signs of shock. Based on these findings, what additional blast injuries should the paramedic assess for?
A.
Abdominal hemorrhage
C.
Inhalation injury
B.
Closed head injury
D.
Pericardial tamponade
A

A

52
Q

What is the definition of cavitation?
A.
A force that pushes body tissue away from the path of a projectile
B.
Wind resistance experienced by a projectile
C.
The breaking apart of a projectile as it passes through the body
D.
The end-over-end motion of a projectile

A

A

53
Q 
Of the following tissues, which is least likely to incur permanent cavitation from a bullet passing through it?
A.
Liver
C.
Muscle
B.
Spleen
D.
Urinary bladder
A

D

54
Q 
Which are medium-energy weapons?
A.
Knives and picks
C.
M-16s
B.
Handguns
D.
AK 47s
A

B

55
Q 
A bullet’s “yaw” describes which aspect?
A.
Ability to break into pieces
C.
Tumble
B.
Cavitation potential
D.
Range
A

C

56
Q 
Paramedic documentation of entrance and exit wounds resulting from gunshot trauma should include which of the following?
A.
The location of the entrance wound only
B.
The location of the exit wound only
C.
The suspected path of the projectile only
D.
A description of the wounds
A

D

57
Q

Gunshot wounds to the head involve which occurrence?
A.
Rarely penetrate the skull
B.
Cause isolated brain injury
C.
Often cause associated spine and face injury
D.
Cause predictable injuries based on the location of the entrance wound

A

C

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