3.8 - Aldehydes & Ketones Flashcards
Tollens’ reagent contains the complex ion ____ ?
[Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺
Aldehydes are readily Oxidised to ____ ?
Carboxylic Acids
Functional Group: Aldehyde
C(=O)-H
carbonyl
Functional Group: Ketone
R-C(=O)-R
carbonyl
Structural Suffix: Aldehyde
-CHO
What type of isomers are Ketones & Aldehydes w/ same no. of Carbon atoms?
Functional Group Isomers
Ketones ____ further Oxidised?
Cannot be
General Formula: Ketone
CnH₂ₙO
General Equation: Ketones reduced to Alcohols
R-C(=O)-R + 2[H] |> R-C-(H,OH)-R
In balanced equations, how is the reducing agent simplified?
[H]
Observation: Tollens’ + Aldehyde
Silver Mirror
Colour Change H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻ + Aldehyde?
Orange |> Green
General Formula: Aldehyde
CnH₂ₙO
Reagent: Reduction of Aldehydes & Ketones to alcohols
NaBH₄
source of ∶H⁻
Conditions: Reduction of Aldehydes & Ketones to alcohols
Aqueous, warm
Aldehydes & Ketones are susceptible to attack by ____ ?
Nucleophiles because they have a δ⁺ Carbon
Why does a Silver Mirror form?
Aldehyde Oxidised to Carboxylic Acid
Silver ions Reduced to Silver atoms
Equation: Reduction of Silver ions
Ag⁺ + e⁻ |> Ag(s)
General Equation: Aldehyde Oxidised to Carboxylic Acid
R-C(=O)-H + [O] |> R-C(=O)-OH
Observation: Fehling’s + Aldehyde
Blue solution |> Brick Red ppt
Equation: Reduction of Copper(II) ions
Cu²⁺ + e⁻ |> Cu⁺
General Equation: Aldehydes reduced to Alcohols
R-C(=O)-H + 2[H] |> R-C-(H,OH)-H
What causes a Brick Red ppt to form?
Copper(II) ions reduced to Cu⁺
