3.12 - Polymers Flashcards
____ Polymers are generally Stronger & More Rigid than ____ Polymers?
Condensation
Addition
Advantages of Burying Polymers?
Cheap & Easy
When forming Polyamides, the OH group is ____ from the COOH group
Removed
Addition Polymers are ____ (non-polar) because ____ ?
Chemically Inert
Carbon Skeleton consists of C-C single bonds
Uses of Kevlar?
Bulletproof Vests, Fire Retardant Clothing,
Crash Helmets, Tennis Rackets
Disadvantages of Combusting Chlorinated Polymers?
Acidic HCl Gas
Why are Addition Polymers Non-Biodegradable?
Chemically Inert (Non-Polar) Not Susceptible to attack by Nucleophiles
Strongest IMF present in Kevlar is ____ which forms between ____ ?
Hydrogen Bonding
Lone Pair on N of one Amide Link & a H of another
Catalysts: Hydrolysis of Polyamides
Aqueous Strong Acid (HCl)
or
Aqueous Strong Base (NaOH)
When forming Polyamides, a H atom is ____ from the ____ of the amine
Removed
NH₂
Three Reasons Kevlar is Strong due to its Structure
|> Chains are Planar - can pack closely together
|> IMFs between neighbouring chains are stronger than in other polymers
|> Strongest IMF is hydrogen bonding between Lone pair on N of amide link & a H on another
Define: Hydrolysis
Breaking of a Bond using Water
Advantages of Combusting Polyalkenes?
Produces Heat Energy
Kevlar chains are ____, they can pack ____ ?
Planar
Close together
Advantages of Recycling Polyesters?
|> Saves on Expensive Crude Oil
|> Saves Energy from Refining Crude Oil
|> Reduces waste going to Landfill
|> Produces less CO₂ than Combustion
In Polyesters, what is the largest IMF present?
Permanent Dipole-Dipole
When forming Polyesters, OH groups are ____ from COOH group
Removed
What are Polyamide Monomers held together by?
Amide Links
Why is a catalyst added to the Hydrolysis of Polyesters/Polyamides?
Reaction is v. Slow
Why are Condensation Polymers generally Stronger than Addition Polymers?
Condensation Polymers contain Polar bonds
Disadvantages of Burying Polymers?
|> Takes up Land
|> Releases Methane
|> Releases toxins which could contaminate water supplies
When forming Polyesters, a H atom from the ____ of alcohol is ____ ?
OH group
Removed
Reactants to form Polyesters?
Dicarboxylic Acid & Diols
Why can Polyesters & Polyamides be Hydrolysed?
C=O is Polar - can be attacked by Nucleophiles
Disadvantages of Combusting Polyalkenes?
Increases CO₂ levels
Incomplete combustion = CO or C particles
Disadvantages of Combusting Polystyrene?
Toxic Styrene Vapour
The ____ between neighbouring Kevlar chains are Stronger than in ____ ?
Intermolecular Forces
Other Polymers
Reactants to form Polyamides?
Dicarboxylic Acid & Diamines
What must a Single Monomer contain for a Polyamide to form?
an Amine (NH₂) & a Carboxylic Acid (COOH) functional group
What are Polyester Monomers held together by?
Ester Links
In Polyamides, what is the largest IMF present?
Hydrogen Bonds
Functional Group: Amide
R-C(=O)-NH-
Three methods of Disposing of Polymers?
|> Burying
|> Combustion
|> Sorting for Re-using/Recycling
Uses of Nylon 6,6?
Clothing, Ropes, Carpets, Parachutes
Uses of Polyesters?
Clothing, Carpets
Products: Acid Hydrolysis of Polyamides
Dicarboxylic Acid & Alkyl Ammonium Salt
Products: Alkaline Hydrolysis of Polyamides
Carboxylate Salt & Diamine
Condensation Polymers are generally ____ & ____ than Addition Polymers?
Stronger
More Rigid
Functional Group: Ester
R-C(=O)-O-R
What do the 6s mean in Nylon 6,6?
|> 6 Carbons in constituent Diamine
(1,6 - diaminohexane)
|> 6 Carbons in constituent Dicarboxylic Acid
(hexane-1,6-dicarboxylic acid)
Products: Acid Hydrolysis of Polyesters
Dicarboxylic Acid & Diol
Catalysts: Hydrolysis of Polyesters
Aqueous Strong Acid (HCl)
or
Aqueoue Strong Base (NaOH)
Disadvantages of Recycling Polyesters?
|> Energy & Manpower is expensive
(collection, transport, sorting)
|> Technically Difficult
|> Can’t remake initial plastic - has to be something else
Condensation Polymers are formed by Reactions Between:
Dicarboxylic Acids & Diols
Dicarboxylic Acids & Diamines
Amino Acids
Why can Addition polymers NOT be Hydrolysed?
Non-Polar b/c Carbon skeleton consists of C-C single bonds
What does a Single Monomer need to Contain in order to form a Polyester?
Both an Alcohol & a Carboxylic Acid functional group
Reactants to form Kevlar?
1,4 - Diaminobenzene
&
Benzene-1,4-Dicarboxylic Acid
Define: Condensation Polymers
Polymer formed from a series of chemical reactions in which two molecules are joined together & a small molecule is eliminated
Single Monomer constituent of Nylon 6?
6-aminohexanoic Acid
Why are Condensation Polymers Biodegradable?
|> Contain Polar Bonds
|> Break Down naturally through Hydrolysis
|> Susceptible to attack by Nucleophiles
