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AQA - A Level - Organic Chemistry > 3.5 - Alcohols 2 > Flashcards

3.5 - Alcohols 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Observation is Aldehyde present & Oxidised w/ Tollens’ Reagent?

A

Ag⁺ + e⁻ |> Ag(s)

Silver Mirror

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2
Q

Oxidation product of Secondary Alcohols?

A

Ketone

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3
Q

What can the Organic tests be used to Confirm?

A

Presence & Identity of Organic Impurities

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4
Q

Oxidation product of Primary Alcohols?

A

Aldehyde

Carboxylic Acid

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5
Q

Organic product when a Carboxylic Acid reacts with Na₂CO₃?

A

Carboxylate Salt

e.g. Sodium Ethanoate

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6
Q

Will Ketones React with either Tollens’ Reagent or Fehling’s solution?

A

No - Ketones cannot be oxidised

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7
Q

Oxidising Agent in Oxidation of Alcohols?

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate

H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻

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8
Q

General Equation of Oxidation of Aldehyde?

A

R-C(=O)-H + [O] |> R-C(=O)-OH

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9
Q

Test for Presence of Aldehydes?

A

Mild Oxidising Agents:

e. g. Tollens’ Reagent
e. g. Fehling’s solution

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10
Q

Observation when Carboxylic Acid reacts with Na₂CO₃?

A

Fizz

CO₂ produced

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11
Q

General Equation of Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols?

A

R-C-(H,OH)-R + [O] |> R-C(=O)-R + H₂O

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12
Q

Can Ketones be Oxidised further?

A

No

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13
Q

Why is the Product of Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol most likely to be an Aldehyde when formed through Immediate Distillation?

A

Aldehyde has Lower Boiling Point than Alcohol
(pd-pd weaker than H-bond)

Turns into a gas & cannot react further

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14
Q

Observations for Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols

A

Orange |> Green

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15
Q

In Organic Chemistry, what is Oxidation?

A

Creation of more C-O bonds

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16
Q

General Equation for Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol to a Carboxylic Acid?

A

R-CH₂-OH + 2[O] |> R-C(=O)-OH + H₂O

17
Q

How can H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻ be used to identify Tertiary Alcohols?

A

No Observable Change

18
Q

Observations for Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol to an Aldehyde?

A

Orange |> Green

19
Q

How is Fehling’s solution formed?

A

Add Fehling’s 1 to Fehling’s 2

Copper Sulfate to Potassium Sodium Tartrate

20
Q

Organic product when Aldehyde present & Oxidised with Fehling’s solution?

A

Carboxylic Acid

21
Q

What is formed when a Secondary Alcohol is Oxidised?

A

Ketone

22
Q

General Equation for reaction of Carboxylic Acid with Na₂CO₃?

A

2R-C(=O)-OH + Na₂CO₃ |> 2R-C(=O)-O⁻Na⁺ + CO₂ + H₂O

23
Q

Test for Presence of a Carboxylic Acid?

A

Add Sodium Carbonate

Na₂CO₃

24
Q

Organic product when Aldehyde present & Oxidised with Tollens’ Reagent?

A

Carboxylic Acid

25
Q

Observations if Aldehyde present & Oxidised with Fehling’s solution?

A

Cu²⁺(aq) |> Cu₂O(s)

Blue solution |> Brick red ppt

26
Q

Oxidation product of Tertiary Alcohols?

A

Not Oxidised
No Reaction
No H on Carbon to remove

27
Q

How is the Carboxylic Acid removed from the reaction mixture?

A

Distillation

28
Q

How is an Aldehyde denoted in naming, structural formula & numbering?

A

-Al
-CHO
No number, always named as end Carbon

29
Q

Reagents & Conditions for Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols?

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate (VI)

Reflux

30
Q

General Equation for Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol to an Aldehyde?

A

R-CH₂-OH + [O] |> R-CHO + H₂O

31
Q

Reagents & Conditions for Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol to a Carboxylic Acid?

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate (VI)

Reflux

32
Q

In balanced equations, what can the Oxidising Agent be simplified to?

A

[O]

33
Q

Observations for Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol to a Carboxylic Acid?

A

Orange |> Green

34
Q

Reagents & Conditions for Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol to an Aldehyde?

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate (VI)

Distillation

35
Q

How is Tollens’ Reagent formed?

A

Add NaOH to AgNO₃
until brown precipitate formed

Add NH₃ until ppt dissolves

36
Q

Why is the product of Oxidation of a Primary Alcohol most likely to be a Carboxylic Acid when formed through Reflux?

A

Aldehyde is Recondensed back into the flask so further Oxidation can occur

37
Q

Define: Reflux

A

Boiling without gas escaping

AQA - A Level - Organic Chemistry (18 decks)

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