37.glycopeptides

Question 1

definition of glycopeptides

Answer 1

type of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall formation by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 2

glycopeptides are used as an alternative to

Answer 2

β-lactams for patients with hypersensitivity to penicillin or who are infected with resistant bacteria

Question 3

name glycopeptide drugs

Answer 3

1- Vancomycin- flac sicc 500, 1000mg
2- Teicoplanin- flac sicc 400mg

Question 4

pharmacokinetics of glycopeptides

Answer 4

A- given parenterally
- Could still give orally
M- no metabolism
E- urine

Question 5

MoA of glycopeptides

Answer 5

1- inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell wall – bind to the peptide chains and prevent the cross links from forming
- (i.e. block the main structural elements unlike the beta lactams which block the enzymes)
2- Bactericidal

Question 6

SoA of glycopeptides

Answer 6

narrow - against gram + ,MRSA

Question 7

therepeutic uses of glycopeptides

Answer 7

1- treating multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and enterococcal infections, which are resistant tobeta-lactamsand other antibiotics
2- Treatment of colitis
3- Skin and soft tissue infections
4- Infective endocarditis
5- Septicemia

Question 8

contraindications of glycopeptides

Answer 8

1- Hypersensitivity
2- Acute kidney failure
3- BUT Can be used in pregnant women or in subjects with impaired hearing only in the case of a life threatening infection

Question 9

ADRs of glycopeptides

Answer 9

1- Red man syndrome (due to histamine liberation and happens if drugs are given too quickly)
2- Nephrotoxicity (reversible)
3- Ototoxicity