36.carbapemens

Question 1

what are carbapenems?

Answer 1

a class of beta-lactam antibiotics that are active against many aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms

Question 2

name carbapenem drugs

Answer 2

1- Meropenem- flac 1g
2- Imipenem + Cilastatin = TIENAM- flac 1g

Question 3

PK of carbapenems

Answer 3

• A- only parenteral
• D- can cross BBB in all cases
• M- no metabolism
  
  • Imipenem does get metabolised but its in kidney
    
    • Its metabolites are toxic to kidney so its given in a combination with Cilastatin
• E- urine

Question 4

MoA of carbapenems

Answer 4

1- They are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
- Carbapenems work by penetrating the cell wall of bacteria, binding with penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), and result in inactivation of intracellular autolytic inhibitor enzymes, ultimately killing the bacterial cell.
2- Bactericidal!

Question 5

SoA carbapenems

Answer 5

broad

Question 6

therapeutic uses of carbapenems

Answer 6

1- Complicated intra-abdominal infections.
2- Bronchopulmonary infection.
3- Community-acquired pneumonia (pneumonia that is acquired outside the hospital)
4- Complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis.
5- Acute pelvic infections.
6- Complicated skin/skin structure infections

Question 7

contraindications of carbapenems

Answer 7

hypersensitivity

Question 8

ADRs of carbapenems

Answer 8

1- Allergies
2- Vomiting
3- Candidosis
4- Fungal opportunistic infections
5- Rashes
6- Seizures
7- Elevated liver enzymes

Question 9

drug interactions of carbapenems

Answer 9

1- Reduce the serum levels of the antiepileptic medication - valproates
2- Imipenem with ganciclovir and theophylline can also precipitate seizures
3- Carbapenems with probenecid can lead to carbapenem toxicity