35.chloramphenicol

Question 1

name a drug that is an amphenicol

Answer 1

chloramphenicol - caps.250mg

Question 2

MoA of chloramphenicol

Answer 2

1. nonionized
2. highly lipophilic
3. enters bacterial cell by passive diffusion
4. binds to 50S ribosomal subunit
   - inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
5. binds to 70S mammalian ribosome interfering with mitochondrial protein synthesis
6. bacteriostatic for most Gram + and many Gram - aerobic bacteria

Question 3

amphenicol resistance is commonly …

Answer 3

plasmid-mediated and occurs as a result of enzymatic inactivation by several types of chloramphenicol transacetylase

Question 4

chloramphenicol is used in the treatment of?

Answer 4

1.rickettsial infections e.g typhus and rocky mountain spotted fever
2.resistance development

Question 5

chloramphenicol is an alternative to …… in treatment of meningococcal meningitis

Answer 5

beta lactams

Question 6

adverse reactions of chloramphenicol

Answer 6

1.nausea, vomiting, diarrhea in adults
2.candidiasis
3. dose-related reversible suppression of red cell production
4. aplastic anemia irreversible
5.neuborn cannot detoxify it due to lack of glucuronic acid - gray baby syndrome with vomiting, flaccidity, hypothermia, shock
6. hepatotoxicity
7. allergy

Question 7

drug interactions of chloramphenicol

Answer 7

1. inhibits hepatic microsomal enzymes that metabolize phenytoin and warfarin
2. not taken with alcohol
   -inhibits alcohol metabolism - disulfiram reaction

Question 8

name an advantage and disadvantage of chloramphenicol

Answer 8

1.good penetration in brain and eyes
2. - bone marrow toxicity

Question 9

Absorption of Chloramphenicol

Answer 9

good oral absorption

Question 10

Metabolism of amphenicol

Answer 10

liver to non-active metabolites

Question 11

Chloramphenicol is an enzyme …?

Answer 11

inhibitors

Question 12

SoA of chloramphenicol

Answer 12

broad
gram + and -