3.7 Flashcards
what is immunisation
the process by which a person develops immunity to a disease causing organism
what is in a vaccine
antigens from infectious pathogen are mixed with an adjuvant
what is adjuvant
is a substance which makes the vaccine more effective , enhancing the immune response
what antigens are used in vaccines
weakened pathogen
dead pathogens
parts of pathogen
inactivated toxin
when does herd immunity occur
when a large percentage of the population are immunised which helps reduce the spread of disease
what does the herd immunity threshold depend on
disease
population density
vaccine effectiveness
what factors decrease vaccine uptake in developed countries
low uptake in people getting the vaccine due to controversy
what factors decrease vaccine uptake in developing countries
poverty , they cannot afford the vaccine
why is antigenic variation a problem
it means that your memory cells will not be effective and you will become ill
what is antigenic variation
when some pathogens can change there antigens
how does herd immunity protect certain individuals
they are less likely to get into contact with the virus
