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higher human > 3.5 > Flashcards

3.5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a pathogen

A

any organism that can cause disease eg viruses

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2
Q

summarise the non specific type of immune system responses

A

not targeted at a specific pathogen , it targets all of them

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3
Q

summary the specific type of immune system response

A

targeted at a specific pathogen

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4
Q

what is skins physical defence

A

epithial cells act as a barrier

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5
Q

what is mucus membranes physical defence

A

closely packed epithelial cells which form a barrier in digestive and respiratory tracts

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6
Q

what is the chemical defence in tears

A

have lysine enzyme to break down cell walls

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7
Q

what is the chemical defence in mucus

A

trap pathogens and cilia cells move them away

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8
Q

what is the chemical defence for skin and stomach

A

acid secretions kill pathogens

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9
Q

what is an inflammatory response a reaction to

A

physical injury

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10
Q

what do the mast cells do in an inflammatory response

A

activates and releases histamine

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11
Q

what do phagocytes do in a inflammatory response

A

engulf pathogens

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12
Q

what does histamine do in the inflammatory response

A

causes blood vessels to dilate and become permeable

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13
Q

what dies clotting factors do in the inflammatory response

A

seals wound

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14
Q

what are the stages of phagocytosis

A

phagocytes recognises pathogen

it engulfs and vacuole forms

trapped bacterium some lysosomes move towards and fuse with vacuole

bacterium digested by enzymes

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15
Q

what phagocytes release

A

cytokines

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16
Q

what are cytokines

A

protein molecules which act as a singnal attracting more phagocytes to area of infection

17
Q

what is immunity

A

the ability of the body to resist infection by a pathogen or to destroy the organism if it invades the body

18
Q

what are the body’s 1st line defences

A

physical and chemical defences

19
Q

what is the body’s 2nd line of defence

A

the inflammatory response

20
Q

what are the inflammatory cells

A

mast cells
histamine
phagocytes
clotting factors

21
Q

what are the inflammatory cells

A

mast cells
histamine
phagocytes
clotting factors

higher human (13 decks)

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