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higher human > 3.4 > Flashcards

3.4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the cell body of the neurone

A

contains nucleas and most of the cytoplasm

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2
Q

what is the function of the dendrite in the neurone structure

A

nerve fibres that receive nerve impulses and pass them towards a cell body

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3
Q

what is the function of the axon in the neurone structure

A

single nerve fibre that carries nerve impulses away from a cells body

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4
Q

what are axons insulated by

A

a layer of fatty material called the myelin sheath

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5
Q

why is insulating the axon important

A

to increase the speed of impulse conduction and to protect the thin axon

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6
Q

when does myelination happen

A

from birth to adolescence

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7
Q

what is myelination

A

the development of myelin

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8
Q

what do glial cells do

A

produce the myelin sheath and others support the neurone

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9
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

types of chemicals

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10
Q

how does the enzyme degeneration removal of neurotransmitter work

A

they are broken down by enzymes

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11
Q

how does the reuptake of neurotransmitters for removal work

A

they are taken back up directly by the presynaptic membrane

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12
Q

what are increased levels of endorphins a response to

A

physical and emotional stress
severe injury
prolonged and continuous exercise
certain foods

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13
Q

what are endorphins

A

neurotransmitters that stimulate neurones involved in reducing intensity if pain by combining with receptors synapses and blocking pain signal

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14
Q

what are increased levels of endorphins linked with

A

lengthy exercise
consumption of favourite foods
sexual activity

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15
Q

give an example of a neurotransmitter related disorder

A

schizophrenia
alzheimer’s
anxiety disorders

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16
Q

describe agonist treatment

A

mimics neurotransmitter by binding to the receptor

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17
Q

describe antagonist treatment

A

blocks the receptor by binding to them so the neurotransmitter can’t get in

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18
Q

how do inhibitors work

A

prevent the removal of neurotransmitters causing enhanced effect

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19
Q

what is the altered characteristic recreational drugs give you

A

mood
cognitive thinking
perception
behaviour

20
Q

what is the description of mood altered characteristics

A

can be happier sadder or aggressive

21
Q

describe cognitive thinking

A

poor decision making

22
Q

describe perception

A

altered sense of stimuli

23
Q

describe behaviour

A

awake for longer

24
Q

what type of drug is cocaine

A

reuptake

25
Q

what type of drug is cannabis

A

agonists

26
Q

what type of drug is mdma

A

reuptake

27
Q

what type of drug is nicotine

A

agonist

28
Q

what type of drug is alcohol

A

agonist

29
Q

what causes drug addiction

A

repeated use of drugs that act as antagonists

30
Q

what causes drug tolerance

A

repeated use of drugs that act as agonists

31
Q

what is drug addictions effect on numbers off receptors

A

it increases

32
Q

what is drug addictions effect on the sensitivity if receptors

A

it increases

33
Q

what is the effect of drug addiction in a person

A

they need the drug to feel normal

34
Q

what is drug tolerences effect on numbers of receptors

A

decreases

35
Q

what is drug tolerences effect in sensitivity if receptors

A

decreases

36
Q

what is drug tolerence effect on the person

A

requires more of the drug for effect

37
Q

how does cocaine work

A

increases dopamine

38
Q

what is cocaines effect

A

feelings of well being, energy , confidence and paranoia

39
Q

how does cannabis work

A

contains cannabanoids which work by binding to cannaboid receptors

40
Q

what is cannibises effect

A

excited
restless
drowsy

41
Q

how does mdma work

A

inhibits serotonin uptake

42
Q

what is mdmas effect

A

overheating
dehydrating

43
Q

how does nicotine work

A

increases activity if these nicotine acetylcholine receptors

44
Q

what is the effect of nicotine

A

soothing
helps concentration
lung cancer

45
Q

how does alcohol work

A

mimics GABA and can also stimulate dopamine reward pathway

46
Q

what is alcohols effects

A

liver and brain damage

47
Q

how do recreational drugs work

A

they affect transmission at synapses in the brain altering and individuals characteristics

higher human (13 decks)

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