1.2 Flashcards
what are individual units of dna called
nucleotides
what makes up a nucleotide
a phosphate
deoxyribose sugar
and a base
what holds nucleotides together
a strong covalent bond
what carbon is next to the phosphate
5’
what is always at the 3’ end
deoxyribose sugar
what is the first stage of dna replication
dna double helix is unwound and unzipped , hydrogen bonds between the bases are broken
what is stage two of dna replication
a primer binds to the 3’ end which allows dna polymerase to add free dna nucleotides
what is stage three of dna replication
the fragments are sealed together by an enzyme called ligands
what are the requirements for DNA replication
dna
ligase
primers
free nucleotides
dna polymerase
what is a polymerase chain reaction
a technique for the amplification of DNA
what is required for pcr
dna
complementary primers
thermal cycled
heat tolerant polymerase
supply of nucleotides
what is the first stage of pcr and the temperature
denaturation dna is heated between 92-98C to separate the strands
what is the second stage of pcr
annealing the dna is filled to 50-65C to allow primers to bind to the target sequences
what is the third stage of pcr
elongation/extension dna is heated to between 70-80C for heat tolerant Dna polymerase to replicate the region of dna
what is uses of pcr
solving crimes
diagnosing genetic disorders
paternity tests
