3.6 Mass Transport in Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Water molecules sticking to each other using H bonding to form a continuous column

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2
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Water molecules sticking to the walls of the xylem

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3
Q

What is tension?

A

Water moves into the cells of the leaf by osmosis creating a negative pressure inside the xylem

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4
Q

Why does water move into the cells of the leaf from the xylem?

A

As water evaporates out of the stomata the cells of the leaf are losing water creating a lower water potential

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5
Q

What is the transpiration stream?

A

Water moves into the root hair cells by osmosis, up the xylem and into the cells of the leaf

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6
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Water evaporating out of the stomata

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7
Q

How does light intensity impact transpiration?

A

Higher light intensity opens more stomata so more water evaporates

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8
Q

How does temperature impact transpiration?

A

Higher temperature provides more energy so evaporation is faster

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9
Q

How does wind speed impact transpiration?

A

Wind moves water vapour away from stomata so transpiration is faster

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10
Q

How does humidity impact transpiration?

A

If there is more water surrounding the stomata transpiration is slower

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11
Q

Why is the trunk of a tree narrowest at midday?

A

Most transpiration so adhesion is at its strongest

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12
Q

How are xylem vessels adapted to withstand adhesion?

A

Lignin makes them strong to withstand force from water

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13
Q

What property of water allows cohesion?

A

Polarity

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14
Q

What is a potometer?

A

A piece of equipment allows the measurement of the rate of transpiration

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15
Q

What is the source in reference to a plants glucose?

A

Where glucose is produced in photosynthesis - the leaves

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16
Q

What is the sink in reference to a plants glucose?

A

Where glucose is needed for respiration - the roots

17
Q

What is the role of the sieve tube elements?

A

Cells that allow transport of molecules from source to sink

18
Q

What is the role of companion cells?

A

Provide energy for active transport

19
Q

How are the sieve tube elements adapted to allow movement of substances?

A

Few organelles = hollow
Perforated ends = substances can move through

20
Q

How is sucrose moved into sieve tube elements?

A

Active transport

21
Q

What is glucose converted into for transportation?

A

Sucrose

22
Q

Which cells do respiration to release energy for active transport?

A

Companion cells as they have many mitochondria

23
Q

Where does water move into the phloem from?

A

From the xylem

24
Q

How does water moving into the phloem effect hydrostatic pressure?

A

Increases it

25
Q

What direction is the movement caused by the hydrostatic pressure caused by water movement into the phloem?

A

Downwards towards the roots

26
Q

What happens to sucrose once it is in the roots?

A

Used in respiration or stored for later use

27
Q

What happens to water once it is in the roots?

A

Moves into xylem by osmosis

28
Q

What is done for a ringing experiment?

A

A chunk of stem cut out containing phloem

29
Q

Describe the expected results of the ringing experiment.

A

Bulge above missing chunk containing sucrose dissolved in fluid

30
Q

What does a radioactive marker on carbon show?

A

Movement of glucose from source to sink

31
Q

Why can insects passively drink from phloem?

A

Fluid is high pressure