3.6 &3.7 structure and types of proteins

Question 1

what are peptides made up of (and what bonds)

Answer 1

amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 2

what elements do proteins contain

Answer 2

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 3

what variable group on amino acids results in different amino acids

Answer 3

R-group

Question 4

which parts of amino acids react to form peptide bonds

Answer 4

the hydroxyl of one carboxylic acid group of one amino acid and a hydrogen in the amine group of another amino acid

Question 5

in what reaction are peptide bonds formed

Answer 5

condensation reaction (the removal of a h2o molecule)

Question 6

what enzyme catalyses the reaction that joins two or more amino acids

Answer 6

peptidyl transferase

Question 7

what determines the primary structure of proteins

Answer 7

the sequence in which the amino acids are joined, the only bonds in the primary structure of a protein are peptide bonds

Question 8

what determines the secondary structure of proteins

Answer 8

hydrogen bonding
H bonds within the amino acids chain pulls it into a coil shape called an alpha helix
or h bonds can join parallel polypeptide chains and the pattern caused by individual amino acids gives it its name beta pleated chain

Question 9

what determines the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 9

the folding of a protein into its final shape, the folding or coiling of sections of protein in its secondary structure brings R-groups of different amino acids to interact and further folding of these sections will happen

Question 10

what 4 types of interactions can happen in the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 10

-disulfate bonds (strongest), covalent but only form between R-groups that contain sulfur atoms
- ionic bonds form between oppositely charged R-groups
- hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between polar and non-polar R-groups
-hydrogen bonds (weakest)

Question 11

what determines the quaternity structure of proteins

Answer 11

the results from the association of two or more individual proteins called subunits (they can be identical or different) the interactions are the same as in the tertiary structure except there between different proteins not in the same molecule

Question 12

where do you find hydrophilic/phobic groups

Answer 12

hydrophilic = outside
hydrophobic = inside