3.11 ATP

Question 1

What do cells require ATP for (3)

Answer 1

• transport
• movement
• synthesis

Question 2

what does ATP stand for

Answer 2

Adenine Triphosphate

Question 3

What’s an ATP molecule composed of

Answer 3

1. The nitrogenous base - adenine
2. penrose sugar (ribose)
3. 3x phosphate groups
   therefore it’s a nucleotide

Question 4

why is ATP known as the universal energy currency

Answer 4

Because it’s used for energy transfer in the cells of all living things

Question 5

when is ATP released

Answer 5

when the bonds are formed (as energy is needed to break them

Question 6

what type of reaction is needed to break the weak bond on the last phosphate group

Answer 6

hydrolysis reaction (add a H2O molecule)

Question 7

what specifically uses energy when ATP is used in a reaction

Answer 7

ATP + H2O ———> ADP + Pi + energy

ADP is adenine diphosphate
Pi is an organic phosphate ion

Question 8

why are fats and carbohydrates a better energy store for long-term use

Answer 8

because of the instability of the phosphate bonds in the ATP

Question 9

What is phosphorylation

Answer 9

when a third phosphate group is added to ADP this occurs when fats and carbs are broken down to create more ATP

Question 10

what type of reaction is phosphorylation

Answer 10

it’s a condensation reaction as water is removed

Question 11

why is ATP a good immediate energy store

Answer 11

ATP is rapidly reformed by the phosphorylation of ADP; Because of the interconversion of ATP & ADP, cells don’t need a large amount of ATP

Question 12

what are the properties of ATP

Answer 12

1. It’s small so it can move in and out of cells easily
2. water soluble - energy-requiring reactions happen in aqueous solutions

3.releases energy in small quantities

4.easily regenerated

5. contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy - large enough to be useful but not to waste heat