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Chemistry > 3.5 Metals > Flashcards

3.5 Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

The electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the negative delocalised electrons

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2
Q

What type of bonding is metallic bonding?

A

Very strong attraction

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3
Q

Why do metals have high melting points?

A

Lots of energy is needed to break strong metallic bonds

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4
Q

Why are metals able to conduct electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons are free to move through the lattice

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5
Q

Why are metals malleable?

A

The layers of metal ions can slide over eachother

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6
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

A reaction where heat energy is used to break down a substance

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7
Q

What happens when copper carbonate goes through thermal decomposition?

A

Produces a black solid (copper oxide), and a colourless gas (carbon dioxide)

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8
Q

What is downward delivery?

A

When a gas sinks to the bottom of a tube

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9
Q

What happens when metal reacts with water?

A

Metal + Water —–> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

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10
Q

What observations are made when metal reacts with water

A
  • Effervesces (hydrogen produced)
  • Solid disappears (used up in reaction)
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11
Q

What is observed when Lithium, Sodium and Potassium react with water?

A
  • Solid floats (less dense than water)
  • Effervescence (Hydrogen produced)
  • Solid moves (effervesces propels)
  • Solid disappears ( used in reaction)
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12
Q

What flame colour does potassium give off?

A

Lilac flame

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13
Q

Why does reactivity increase down group 1 metals?

A
  • Atoms get bigger and have more shells
  • The outer-electron is further from the nucleus
  • The attraction between the nucleus and the outer-electron is weaker
  • Less energy needed to break the attraction
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14
Q

What is the metal + steam reaction?

A

Metal + Steam —–> Metal Oxide + Hydrogen

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15
Q

What is the acid + metal reaction?

A

Acid + Metal —–> Salt + Hydrogen

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16
Q

What observations are made when acid reacts with metal?

A
  • Fizzing (Hydrogen is produced)
  • Metal disappears (used up in reaction)
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17
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

When oxidisation and reduction occur in the same equation

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18
Q

What are the lowest in the metal reactivity series?

A

Au, Ag, Cu

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19
Q

What are the middle in the metal reactivity series?

A

Pb, Fe, Zn

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20
Q

What are the highest in the metal reactivity series?

A

Al, Mg, Ca, Li, Na, K

21
Q

What observations can be made when lithium reacts with water?

A

It is fast

22
Q

What observations can be made when sodium reacts with water?

A

Faster, sodium melts

23
Q

What observations can be made when potassium reacts with water?

A

Fastest, potassium melts, lilac flame

24
Q

Why does group 1 metals get more reactive the further down the group?

A
  • The atoms get bigger, and have more shells
  • The outer-electron is further from the nucleus
  • The attraction between the nucleus and the outer-electron is weaker
  • So less energy is needed to break the attraction
25
Q

Why do metals react with cold water and hot steam to produce different products?

A

Steam has more energy, so both bonds in the water molecules can break

26
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

27
Q

What is the formula for sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

28
Q

What is the formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

29
Q

What is the formula for phosphoric acid?

A

H3PO4

30
Q

What two observations can be made from an acid + metal reaction?

A
  • Metal disappears (as it is used up in the reaction
  • There is fizzing (Because hydrogen gas is produced)
31
Q

What does iron from when oxidised by oxygen?

A

Iron (III) oxide

32
Q

What three ways prevent rusting?

A

1) Barrier
2) Sacrificial
3) Galvanising

33
Q

What is the barrier method?

A

Coating the iron in paint, oil, grease or plastic to prevent the iron coming into contact with water or oxygen

34
Q

What is the sacrificial method?

A

Attach a block of a more reactive metal to the iron. This works by displacing the iron from rust as soon as rust forms

35
Q

What is the downside to the sacrificial method?

A

The block of magnesium has to be replaced often

36
Q

What is the galvanising method?

A

Coating the iron in zinc, which prevents oxygen or water coming into contact with the iron, as well as displacing the iron as it is more reactive

37
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

Takes oxygen away from something else

38
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

Gives oxygen to something else

39
Q

What is the alloy steel made up of?

A

Iron + carbon

40
Q

What is the alloy brass made up of?

A

Copper + zinc

41
Q

What is the alloy bronze made up of?

A

Copper + tin

42
Q

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

A

They have different sized atoms/ions that prevent the layers of metal ions from sliding over each other. However they are less malleable

43
Q

What is iron used for?

A

Making steel

44
Q

What is low-carbon steel used for?

A

Ships, cars, bridges

45
Q

What is high-carbon steel used for?

A

Tools, knives, screwdrivers

46
Q

What is stainless steel used for?

A

Cutlery, cooking utensils, kitchen sinks

47
Q

What is copper used for?

A

Wires, cooking pans, water pipes

48
Q

What is aluminium used for?

A

Aircraft bodies, power cables

Chemistry (18 decks)

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