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Chemistry > 3.4 Atmosphere and Acids > Flashcards

3.4 Atmosphere and Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour is methyl orange in acid?

A

Red

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2
Q

What colour is methyl orange in neutral?

A

Yellow

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3
Q

What colour is methyl orange in alkali?

A

Yellow

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4
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in acid?

A

Colourless

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5
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in neutral?

A

Colourless

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6
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in alkali?

A

Pink

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7
Q

What colour is red litmus in acid?

A

Red

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8
Q

What colour is red litmus in neutral?

A

Red

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9
Q

What colour is red litmus in alkali?

A

Blue

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10
Q

What colour is blue litmus in acid?

A

Red

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11
Q

What colour is blue litmus in neutral?

A

Blue

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12
Q

What colour is blue litmus in alkali?

A

Blue

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13
Q

What is air composed of?

A

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon Dioxide

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14
Q

What percentage of Nitrogen is in the air?

A

78%

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15
Q

What percentage of Oxygen is in the air?

A

21%

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16
Q

What percentage of Argon is in the air?

A

0.96%

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17
Q

What percentage of Carbon Dioxide is in the air?

A

0.04%

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18
Q

What is element combustion?

A

Element + Oxygen —–> Element Oxide

19
Q

What observations are made when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

A
  • Bright white light
  • White powder formed
20
Q

What observations are made when sulphur reacts with oxygen?

A
  • Blue flame
21
Q

What observations are made when hydrogen reacts with oxygen?

A
  • Squeaky pop
22
Q

What does the chemical test for oxygen show?

A

Glowing splint relighting

23
Q

Define acid

A

H+ donor

24
Q

Define alkali

A

OH- donor

25
Q

Define base

A

H+ acceptor

26
Q

What is the acid + base reaction?

A

Acid + Base —–> Salt + Water

27
Q

What is the acid + carbonate reaction?

A

Acid + Carbonate —–> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

28
Q

What are observations of an acid + carbonate reaction?

A
  • Carbonate disappears (used up in reaction)
  • Fizzing (carbon dioxide produced)
29
Q

How to find the percentage of oxygen in original air?

A

21cm3/ 100cm3 X 100 = 21%

30
Q

What is the chemical test for oxygen?

A

Glowing splint –> Relights

31
Q

What type of solution do metal oxides form?

A

Alkaline solutions

32
Q

What type of solution do non-metal dioxides form?

A

Acidic solutions

33
Q

How can we determine whether an unknown element is a metal or a non-metal?

A

1) Combust it in oxygen
2) Dissolve the oxide formed
3) Check the pH of the solution with. an indicator

34
Q

What is an acid?

A

An H+ donor

35
Q

What is a base?

A

An H+ acceptor

36
Q

What is an alkali?

A

An OH- donor

37
Q

What are important bases?

A

Ammonia (NH3)
All metal oxides
All metal hydroxides

38
Q

What are important acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

39
Q

What are important alkali?

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
All soluble metal hydroxides

40
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

An ion that contains more than one atom

41
Q

What is produced when a base reacts with water?

A

Salt + Water

42
Q

What is one important observation in an acid + base reaction?

A

The base disappears (used up in the reaction)

43
Q

How to carry out an acid-alkali titration?

A

1) Use a volumetric pipette to place 25cm3 of the unknown alkali into a conical flask
2) Add a few drops of methyl orange or phenolphthalein indicator into the flask
3) Fill burette with known acid and clamp it above the flask
4) Measure the initial volume of the known acid on the burette to the nearest 0.05cm3
5) Use the burette to add acid into the conical flask drop-by-drop, swirling the flask
6) Close burette tap as soon as the colour in the conical flask changes (will be alkali colour or acidic colour)
7) Measure the final volume of known acid on the burette to the nearest 0.05cm3
8) Calculate titre (final volume - initial volume)
9) Repeat for concordant (within 0.2cm3) titres

Chemistry (18 decks)

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