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(LEC) PARASITOLOGY > 3.5 - HUMAN HOOKWORMS AND STRONGYLOIDES > Flashcards

3.5 - HUMAN HOOKWORMS AND STRONGYLOIDES Flashcards

1
Q
  • blood sucking nematodes causing anemia
  • attaches to the intestinal mucosa
  • soil-transmitted helminthes
A

human hookworms

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2
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale

A

old world hookworm

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3
Q

Necator americanus

A

new world hookworm

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4
Q

host

A

man

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5
Q

habitat

A

small intestine

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6
Q

MOT

A

skin penetration

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7
Q

infective stage

A

L3-Filariform

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8
Q

diagnostic stage

A

egg

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9
Q
  • 56-60 um in length by 36-40 um wide
  • Bluntly round ends
  • Single thin transparent hyaline shell
  • 2-8 cell stage of division
A

eggs

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10
Q

Hookworm eggs are most commonly described as

A

thin shelled eggs

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11
Q

young larva

A

Rhabditiform

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12
Q
  • larger than the threadworm (strongyloides)
  • more attenuated posteriorly
  • longer buccal cavity
  • genital primordium is smaller
A

rhabditiform larvae

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13
Q

Eggs of strongyloides and hookworms are very much similar, and the way for differentatiting them is by looking at their

A

rhabditiform and filariform

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14
Q

infective larval stage

A

filariform

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15
Q
  • conspicuous - very visible, obvious
  • inconspicuous - not visible, not obvious
A

filariform larvae (L3)

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16
Q

buccal spears are conspicuous and parallel throughout their lengths

A

Necator americanus

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17
Q

buccal spears are inconspicuous and traverse striations on the sheath in the tail region

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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18
Q
  • male - broad caudal bursa, rib like rays
  • mouths have semilunar cutting plates
  • Small cylindrical fusiform grayish-white nematodes
  • Head is curved opposite to the curvature of the body
  • They look like s-shaped worms
  • Spicules are fused
  • Female: darkly stained (bigger)
A

Necator americanus

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19
Q
  • 5-9mm by 0.3 mm
  • broad membranous caudal bursa with rib-like rays
A

male N. americanus

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20
Q

9 to 11mm by 0.35 mm

A

female N. americanus

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21
Q
  • Slightly larger
  • Head continues in the same direction as the curvature of the body
  • Mouths: 2 pairs of teeth
  • Spicules are split (separated)
A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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22
Q

smaller sized hookworm

A

N. americanus

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23
Q

larger sized hookworm

A

A. duodenale

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24
Q

s-shaped

A

N. americanus

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25
Q

c-shaped

A

A. duodenale

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26
Q

semilunar cutting plate

A

N. americanus

27
Q

2 pairs of teeth

A

A. duodenale

28
Q

bipartite (2 digits)

A

N. americanus

29
Q

Tripartite (3 digits)

A

A. duodenale

30
Q

long, fused and barbed spicule

A

N. americanus

30
Q

simple and barbed spicule

A

A. duodenale

31
Q

life span of N. americanus

32
Q

life span of A. duodenale

33
Q

more prevalent in the PH

A

N. americanus

34
Q

blood loss from N. americanus

A

0.03 mL/day

35
Q

blood loss from A. duodenale

A

0.15-0.25mL/day

36
Q

MOT of N. americanus

A

percutaneous

37
Q

MOT of A. duodenale

A

Percutaneous and oral route

38
Q

life cycle

A
  1. eggs will shed in the soil
  2. rhabditiform larva
  3. filariform larva
  4. skin penetration
  5. lungs
  6. trachea
  7. cough
  8. swallow
  9. small intestine - final habitat
  10. copulate
  11. stool formation
  12. contact with soil
39
Q

A. duodenale is also capable of infection causing ?, besides skin penetration

A

ingestion of larvae or larval ingestion

40
Q

Ancylostoma spp. larvae can become developmentally arrested and dormant in tissues. Re-activated larvae may ?.

A

enter the small intestine

41
Q

egg hatches after

42
Q

development of rhabditiform to filariform

43
Q
  • skin at the entry of the site
  • lungs
  • small intestine
  • iron-deficient type anemia / microcytic hypochromic anemia
  • hypoalbuminemia
A

pathogenesis and clinical manifestations

44
Q

Skin at the site of entry (Cutaneous)

A

o Ground Itch (Dew itch)
o Miner’s Disease

45
Q

Lungs (Pulmonary)

A

o Bronchitis or pneumonitis (Wakana disease)
o Löffler’s syndrome - may also be observed

46
Q

Small Intestine (Intestinal)

A

o Abdominal pain
o Steatorrhea - stool samples with too much fat

47
Q

stool samples with too much fat

A

Steatorrhea

48
Q
  • DFS
  • kato thick/katz
  • concentration test
  • harada mori
49
Q

disadvantage of kato thick/katz

A

rapid clearance of hookworm eggs after 30-60 minutes

50
Q

Recommended for species identification

A

Harada Mori

51
Q

harada mori: sediments

A

hookworm larva

52
Q

harada mori: upper end of the filter paper

A

S. stercoralis

53
Q

Philippine setting

A

Necator > Ancylostoma

54
Q

factors for transmission

A
  • defecation in soil
  • not wearing of shoes
  • environmental factors
55
Q

paratenic hosts

A

rabbit, lambs, calves, pigs

56
Q

additional MOTs for Ancylostoma

A

ingestion, transmammary, transplacental

57
Q

treatment

A
  • albendazole
  • iron supplement (ferrous sulfate)
58
Q

o CN: Cat Hookworm
o Buccal cavity: 2 pairs of teeth

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

59
Q

o CN: Dog Hookworm
o Buccal cavity: 3 pairs of teeth

A

Anyclostoma caninum

60
Q

o If we get infected by Ancylostoma braziliense and Anyclostoma caninum
o The worms will be trapped under your skin or stuck in the subcutaneous tissues

A

Creeping Eruption (CLM)
Cutaneous Larva Migrans

61
Q

Animal hookworms will not be able to complete their life cycle if they infect ? instead of cats and dogs

62
Q

associated eosinophilic enteritis

A

A. caninum

63
Q
  • mistaken as A. braziliense
  • observed from civet cat
  • hookworms of cats and dogs in Asia
  • second most common hookworm infecting humans
A

Ancylostoma ceylanicum

(LEC) PARASITOLOGY (7 decks)

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