3.5

Question 1

What is private funding? What is public funding?

Answer 1

Public- Government run, taxpayer $

Private- Individual funding

Question 2

What kind of funding did Macdonald need for the railway?

Answer 2

Privately because he didn’t want to increase taxes as it was hard for a new and young country.

Question 3

Who did John A assign the contract to build the railway to?

Answer 3

Businessman, Sir Hugh Allen

Question 4

When did the Liberal party find documents proving Macdonald had been bribed by Allen?

Answer 4

1873

Question 5

Who was the richest man in Canada?

Answer 5

Sir Hugh Allen

Question 6

What was the Pacific Scandal?

Answer 6

The Liberals, under Alexander Mackenzie, attacked the generaous contract given to Allen and the bribe. This brought John A Macdonald’s government down.

Question 7

Who became the second Prime Minister of Canada? While in power, what major thing did he do with the railway?

Answer 7

• Alexander Mackenzie
• He stalled the building of the transcontinental railway in attempt to have it publically funded. He struggled because Quebec couldn’t see the point in the railway to BC.

Question 8

What hit Canada after the Liberals took power?

Answer 8

An economic depression

Question 9

When did Macdonald come back into power?

Answer 9

1878

Question 10

How did Macdonald win the election?

Answer 10

By calling for the National Policy and an urgent need for the railway to British Columbia.

Question 11

When was the CPR contract awarded and to whom?

Answer 11

1880, tax exempt, to George Stephan and Charles Smith.

Question 12

How much did George Stephen and Charles Smith receive?

Answer 12

$25 million chash subsidy from the government and a monopoly on rail traffic for a period of 20 years.

Question 13

When and what did Macdonald promise BC?

Answer 13

In 1871

A rail link that owuld be build in 10 years.

Question 14

When was the railway finished?

Answer 14

1885 (took 14 years)

Question 15

For how long did John A enable to conservative party to maintain an almost uninterrupted control of the Canadian government?

Answer 15

Almost two decades

Question 16

What brought Macdonald’s reign to an end?

Answer 16

Mounting storms of economic adversity, rebellion, federal-provincial conflict,, and racial tensions.

Question 17

Who came to Liberal leadership in 1887?

Answer 17

Sir Wilfred Laurier

Question 18

When did the Conservatives win back the election from Sir Wilfred Laurier’s government?

Answer 18

1891

Question 19

What was John A’s campaign slogan around 1891?

Answer 19

“the old man, the old flag, the old policy”

Question 20

How old was John A when he died? How many months after the election?

Answer 20

At the age fo 76, three months after the election.

Question 21

Who were the conservative leaders that followed John A and their years?

Answer 21

1891-1892: Sir John Abbott
1892-1894: Sir John Thomas
1894-1896: Mackenzie Bowell
1896: Charles Tupper (father of confederation in Halifax and lost the election because of the Manitoba School Questions).

Question 22

In what year did the conservatives fall to defeat after 18 years in power?

Answer 22

1896 after 18 years in power.

Question 23

What was the problem with the Conservatives and the Manitoba Schools Question?

Answer 23

They couldn’t solve it. It was the first challenge for the new Prime Minister, Sir Wilfred Laurier.

Question 24

Over how many Chinese men were hired by the CPR to build the railway?

Answer 24

15000

Question 25

How many Chinese labourers are estimated to have died?

Answer 25

700-3000

Question 26

What kinds of tasks were the Chinese given?

Answer 26

Dynamite blasting tunnels and cliff-scalling

Question 27

What did the Chinese make a day and what did they have to purchase for themselves vs the Canadian workers?

Answer 27

Chinese- $1.00/day, plus they paid for food, camping gear, and cooking supplies.
Whites- $1.50-$2.00/day plus I’m assuming they had everything else provided to them.

Question 28

It is said that for every___in BC___Chinese worker died.

Answer 28

mile

a

Question 29

What was the Chinese Head Tax?

Answer 29

A fixed fee charged to each Chinese person entering Canada. It was mean to discourage people from entering Canada after the completion of the CPR.

Question 30

How much was the head tax?

Answer 30

$50-$500

Question 31

When was the Chinese Head Tax abolished and by whom?

Answer 31

Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 which stopped Chinese immigration altogether as thought of WWI and communism in China.

Question 32

How did the CPR change lives of Canadians for the better and for the worse?

Answer 32

Better: Created a more united Canada, helped the economy, convinced other to join Confederation which increased land area and helped prevent American expansion.
Worse: Damaged relations with the FN and Metis and Inuit peoples, political scandals

Question 33

Why do people say that finishing the railway was the most importent moment in Canada’s history?

Answer 33

Because, more than anything, the railway is credited with forming the nation of Canada because of how it united the country from “sea to sea”.

Question 34

What two provisions did Macdonald offer the Mennnonite community and why do you believe he did?

Answer 34

He offered them exemption from military services as well as permitted them to have their own schools. I believe that he did this because of the massive amount of French speakers coming to the West. He wanted to increase of population of non French speakers. They were also probably good farmers and they believed in pacifism, and Macdonald was looking to have a peaceful colony out west–no violence.

Question 35

Why might Laurier’s vision of Canada be less centered on Britain than Macdonald?

Answer 35

Because he was French and the French-Canadians have always felt very unattatched from Britain and France. They have always felt very strongly about the fact that they wre Canadians. They did not have the strong pull to Britain, as the Canadians with British roots did.

Question 36

What changes did all of the European and American immigrants bring to Canada? In what ways did their arrival show continuity?

Answer 36

The chagnes were diversity of religion, previousl Romand Catholic and Protestant only, as well as changes in language. Their arrival shows continuity because people had been coming to Canada for a better chance, the prosepect of a better life, since the first explorers. People were curious about this land.

Question 37

What was the impact of the head tax?

Answer 37

Prevent many Chinese peopel from coming to Canada and it gave Canada a very bad image for future people. It impacted teh Chinese peopel who were already here because they couldn’t afford to bring their family over and it cut off some ethnic diversity that Canada could have had.

Question 38

How did Chinese immigrants fit into the Canadian government’s vision of Canada? What ethical questions arise from how they were treated?

Answer 38

They weren’t white, they weren’t Christians. They didn’t fit in the mold. Ethichal questions such as racist acts demonstrated against an entire group because of how they were white.

Question 39

Does racism still play a role in Canada’s immigration policy?

Answer 39

While Canada no longer keeps out immigrants due to race, there are still some elements of discrimination such as no immigrant officers in the states of developing countries so people in these countries are in effect excluded from Canada unless they are able to travel to a distant immigration office in another country. Also, the number of applicants being processed at an overseas immigration post can be easily regulated merely by the size of staff assigned to the task.

Question 40

What did Canadian immigrants of the early twentieth century have in commonwith immigrants who came to North American colonies, such as Nouvelle-France, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? What do they share with today’s immigrants, if anything?

Answer 40

They came with the promise of a better life. They came for farmland as did peopel who came in the twentieth century. Many were fleeing bad situations in their mother countries and Canada offered the chance of a peaceful and prosperous life. They share that with the immigrants of today.

Question 41

What minerals did Canada have that were highly valued in the late 19 hundreds? What impact did this have on Canada?

Answer 41

Gold, copper, coal, silver, asbestos, nickel, gypsum, salt, iron ore, lead, zinc.
Their impact was that larger mine companies formed. Across the country discoveries of substantial mineral deposits led to the opening of many permanent mines, providing employment ot thousands. Many of the communities that sprang up around the mines became established towns and cities.

Question 42

Why was hydroelectricity so important to Canada at the time?

Answer 42

Because it provided power for the growing number of mills and factories. It established Quebec and Ontario and the heartland of Canadian manufacturing since the majority of plants were in these provinces. They became a major source of power and contributed to the development of pulp and paper mills, smelting, and mining. It became an established part of Canada’s economy and, by 1920, was producing more than 97% fo electricity generated in Canada.

Question 43

List the major changes in Canada during post-confederation? How did these changes affect the lives of Canadians? Inw hat ways did they stay the same?

Answer 43

Changes: natural resources bein gharvested and exported, minerals, hydroelectricity, and economic growth (wheat sales, railroads, pulp and paper industries, and forestry). These chagnes affected the lives of Canadians becuase they changed a primarily rural country, where things were made naturally and other goods were imported, into a country where they were developing, growing, and exporting many resources. This changed the lives of Canadians because it increaed the wealth of Canada which resulted in higher wages. The lives of Canadians still remained the same because they continued to farm and develop their own resources, they wer ejust harvesting and developing more of and different resources.

Question 44

What economic development disucces has been of the most historically significant to Canada?

Answer 44

I think that it was the development of the agriculture industry because it is something that Canada is recognized for worldwide.

Question 45

What were the reasons for Laurier’s optimism about Canada’s future?

Answer 45

Canada developed economic growth very fast and it is a land rish in resources. Both of these things generate copious amounts of wealth and Canada was a booming place–a place whee people wanted to live. The influx of immigrants was promising and the completion of the railway brought many things to fruitition. Things like being the second largest automobile manufacturer in the world, and the amount of American’s that were immigrating to Canada owuld have given him this idea as well.