3.2

Question 1

In 1871, what did Canada look to the west for?

Answer 1

1) resources

2) immigration

Question 2

What were the lands deals that Macdonal pursued with the FN called?

Answer 2

treaties

Question 3

What did the FN think that the Canadian government was taking responsibility for?

Answer 3

The protection and well-being of FN people in exchanged for “shared usage” of the land.

Question 4

What was the government seeking sole ownership of the land for? (3 things)?

Answer 4

1) immigration
2) railways
3) agriculture

Question 5

What was the state of the FN at this time?

Answer 5

They were struggling, starving. They heard what happened to FN in U.S and were looking for protection.

Question 6

What did the government promise the FN in exchange for the land?

Answer 6

interpretor
health care
education
hunting and fishing rights
tax exemption (only for FN living on reserves)
agriculture (livestock and new tools)
**you had to be on a reserve for all of this

Question 7

What was the biggest pressure that forced FN chiefs into signing treaties?

Answer 7

starvation

Question 8

Who was the chief in 1876 that refused to sign the treaties?

Answer 8

Big Bear

Question 9

Why didn’t Big Bear want to sign the treaty?

Answer 9

He said that “when we set a fox-trap we scatter pieces of meat all round, ut when the fox gets into the trap we nowck him on the head; We want no bait; let your chiefs come like men and talk to us.

Question 10

When did BIg Bear sign the treaty and why?

Answer 10

1882 because his people were starving and dying of disease.

Question 11

Where did many Metis go and why?

Answer 11

Duck Lake and Prince Albert because they faced racism and delays with land grants

Question 12

The Metis were fearing for their land, what did they do?

Answer 12

Called on the government to gaurantee their lands settlements but each time their calls went unanswered.

Question 13

Why did people begin to try to purchase what was already Metis land?

Answer 13

It was clsoe to the CPR

Question 14

How many million buffalo had been hunted off the prairies bu 1885?

Answer 14

20 millon

Question 15

What did Metis people fear?

Answer 15

That they would be forced onto reserve lands.

Question 16

Why did the Metis try to acquire when they first moved to the Batoche are?

Answer 16

legal title to the land but they were denied by Canada or Canada never responded to these requests.

Question 17

Why were local white settlers angry around 1885 in Batoche?

Answer 17

lack of assistance from the government and that the CPR was built hundreds of miles to the south

Question 18

Who persuaded Louis Riel to return to Canada?

Answer 18

Gabriel Dumont, the military leader of the Metis.

Question 19

When did all attempts to negotiate with John A go unanswered specifically?

Answer 19

March 19, 1885

Question 20

When did the Metis created the provisional government of Saskatchewan?

Answer 20

March 19, 1885

Question 21

What was different from the Red River Revellion in 1870 to the North-West Rebellion in 1885 in terms of transportation?

Answer 21

There was a railway and so Ontario officials can get there much sooner.

Question 22

Who was the Batoche rebellion a conflict between?

Answer 22

The Metis and the Canadian government

Question 23

What group of people found themselves caught in the middle of the Batoche Rebellion?

Answer 23

The First Nations

Some wanted to fight with the Metis, but most wanted to stay out of teh action for fear of reprisal from the government.

Question 24

When was the Battle of Duck Lake? Briefly explain what happened.

Answer 24

March 26, 1885
The NWMP were looking for Riel and trying to intercept Metis warriors and disarm them. Fighting breaks out after NWMP translator got scaared and fired the first shot at Isodore Dumont, killing him instantly. After 40 minutes, Crozier’s force (NWMP) is decimated and he retreats.

Question 25

Who many warriors did the Metis have at the battle of Duck lake, how many died and how many were woulnded. How many officers did the NWMP have at the Battle of Duck Lake. How many were killed and how many were wounded?

Answer 25

Metis- 200 warriors. 5 dead, 1 wounded.

NWMP- 90 officers. 12 dead, 16 wounded.

Question 26

What did Big Bear want?

Answer 26

He pleaded with his warriors not to harm white men because he wanted to settle things peacefully and knew the Canadian government had many men.

Question 27

Who was Wandering Spirit and what was his mood towards the issue?

Answer 27

Big Bear’s nephew and he was in no mood for peace.

Question 28

Who supported Wandering Spirit?

Answer 28

The Metis who encouraged him to attack government officials.

Question 29

How many men died at Frog Lake?

Answer 29

9 white men dead, including 1 Indian Agent and 2 Priests

Question 30

Who did Wandering Spirit and his band of Cree take hostage?

Answer 30

Thomas Quinn, their Indian Agent who was harsh and arrogant. They held him hostage in his home.

Question 31

When did the Cree then take more white settlers hostage?

Answer 31

early morning of April 2

Question 32

Where did the Cree gather the Europeans on April 2?

Answer 32

At a local Catholic church, which included 2 priests, where mass was in progress.

Question 33

What did the Cree order their prisoners to do around 11 when mass was over?

Answer 33

Move to a Cree encampment a couple of kilometers away.

Question 34

What happened to Thomas Quinn?

Answer 34

He refused to leave the town and so Wandering Spirit shot him in the head.

Question 35

Who were the two Catholic priests that died?

Answer 35

Leon Fafard and Felix Marchand.

Question 36

Who were the eight other white men that died?

Answer 36

John Williscroft, John Gowanlock, John Delany, William Gilchrist, George Dill, and Charles Couin

Question 37

Who was WIlliam Beasdell Cameron?

Answer 37

One of the men rounded up into the church who went to the HBC shop to fill an order made by Quinn for Miserable Man after the mass. When the first shots were fired, he escaped with the help of a sympathetic Cree and made his way to a nearby Wood Cree camp, where the chief pledged to rpotect him.

Question 38

Who were Theresa Gowanlock and Theresa Delaney?

Answer 38

Wives of two of the slain men who, along with their families and approximately seventy others, were taken captive.

Question 39

Where did the Cree move on to?

Answer 39

Fort Pitt

Question 40

Who were the seven other warriors with Wandering Spirit who were convicted of treason for the Frog Lake Massacre? What happened to them?

Answer 40

Round the Sky, Bad Arrow, Miserable Man, Iron Body, Little Bear, Crooked Leg, and Man Without Blood.
They were hanged, along with two other Cree convincted of murder, in the larges mass execution in Canadian history.

Question 41

What was Big Bear Charged and sentenced with?

Answer 41

Charged with treason and sentenced to three years. He was dying and he was released early and died on his reserve.

Question 42

Why do you think the Metis population fell from 83% of the total population in 1870, the year Manitoba became a procinve, to just 7% in 1886.

Answer 42

I would conclude that the main cause of the change was the increase in English speaking Protestant people to the area. The Metis people probably felt as if they no longer belonged, and sought a place where their culture could thrive.

Question 43

In what ways was the Manitoba Act historically significant?

Answer 43

The Manitoba Act was historically signigicant because it outline the ill treatment of the Metis and First Nations people in Manitoba. They were never given their lands, and the effects of the act caused many Metis and FN to have hurt feelings and fight for justice (rebellions, Louis Riel). The Manitoba Act kind of made Louis Riel a hero as well.

Question 44

What were the consequences for Canada of the Manitoba Act and of the Metis westward migration to the North-West Territories?

Answer 44

The incorporation of Manitoba into Confederation, another place where French language rights were recognized, a place where Roman Catholics had education rights, the small size of the province hinted at Ottawa’s desire to control the west.

Question 45

Why did the Metis declare a provisional government and why why Riel not given a role?

Answer 45

The Metis declared a provisional government becaue th egovernment did not grant the petition that Riel and William Henry Jackson had outined about people’s rights and grievances. The government didn’t take their requests seriously. Louis Riel didn’t get an official role in government because he was not well liked amongst the English Protestants. they probably thought that they would have a better shot if he was behind the scenes and he was also wanted for murder I believe.

Question 46

Compare the events that led to the North-West resistance to those that led to the Confederation of Manitoba. How were they the same? What was different?

Answer 46

Similar: both included Metis wanting to fight for their rights; predominately led by Metis leaders, such as Louis Riel; oth over land use; both included the creation of a provisional government; both concerned that land was to be taken away (confederation: westward expansion, NW resistance concerned with the amount of English protestants forcing them out with their racist ways).
Different: NW resistance other factors such as the loss of the bison, steamboats being used for trade (decreasing Metis jobs), caused hunger and hard times in the Metis communities; the CPR also played a factor in the NW resistance as it passed by many Metis communities increasing the value of the land; with confederation it was mostly based on Metis retaining their land.

Question 47

Who was the Metis List of Rights from 1870 significant in terms of what happened in the NW resistance?

Answer 47

In terms of what happened in the NW resistance because many of the reasons that the NW resisitance happened is because the wants that were outlined in that document were ignored such as the one about properties, rights, and privileges enjoyed by all people of the province be respected, and the local legislature shall have full control over the public lands. While this may be true for white settlers, the Metis and FN were ignored.

Question 48

Which consequences of the hanging of Louis Riel are most significant today?

Answer 48

The consequences that I think are most significant today would be the affects that it had on the Metis community as they felt as if their culture and traditions were once again disrespected. I also think that the most important factor was the wish for Quebec’s autonomy because that is still in place today in the minds of some people.

Question 49

Do you think the view of Riel from his own time accurately assessed his significance as a historical figure? If he had not been executed, do you think ideas about him today would be different?

Answer 49

I don’t think that Riel was accurately represented in the views of those from his time. those people have idfficulties seeing him with regards to another perspective. It was black or white with them. He was either a saviour, or a murderous revel. They didn’t fully understand the impact that he would have on canada in the years to come. If he had not been executed, I do think that view on him owuld be different. When people are executed for something like rebellion, we tend to look at them as martyrs. If he had survived, I do believe that he would not be looked upon with as much historical significance.

Question 50

Have perspectives on Louis Riel changed? Why?

Answer 50

I think that perspectives on Riel have changed slightly. While we still do view him as slightly crazy and insane, we also view him as we would view a her. Maybe its not how we view him, but our ability to view him as more than one things that has changed.

Question 51

What was the historical significance of the NW resistance?

Answer 51

It outlined how Metis were to be treated in years to come. They lsot two of their most vocal leaders and struggled to survive. They lost their hope for land and freedom and were forced to accept what little they were offered by the Canadian government. Many were forced to abandon their traditional culturea dn adopt a more European culture in order to survive. This went on for many years, and it wasn’t until much later taht an honest effort was made to reapir the poisoned relationship between the Metis and the Canadian government.

Question 52

Why was the gederal government’s approach to Metis people and thie rpetitions different from their approach to FN on the prairies?

Answer 52

Their approach was different because the FN and Europeans had a long and tumultous history with each other. There was a mutual respect that had been established many years before. The FN also had some form of claim to the land whereas the Metis had non. The government had to appease te FN to get what they wante, they didn’t have to with the Metis.

Question 53

How would you view each leader if you were a Metis person living in St. Laurent in 1885: Louis Riel and Garbriel Dumont? What were their strengths and weaknesses?

Answer 53

I would have seen Dumont as the instigator, and Riel as a symbolic, yet very useful, figure. Louis Riel had an image: he was the face of Metis rights in Canada. Dumont, however, was one of the people who recognized the need for Riel and brought him back. He led the small Metis military forces during the NW resistance. I would say that his strengths were military leadership and political thinking. But I would have to say that Riel was stronger than him when it came time to man up and take a challenge as Dumont fled to the US, fearing an unfair trial, whereas RIel stood his ground come what may.