34a - Poliovirus Flashcards

1
Q

What family is poliovirus part of? Genus?

A

picornaviridae is the family. Fenus enterovirus

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2
Q

Characteristics of poliovirus?

A

nonenveloped icosahedral capsid, ss positive sense RNA.

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3
Q

What is the reservoir for poliovirus?

A

humans are only rservoir. spread fecal-oral route.

most common in summer months

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4
Q

How long is incubation period after infection? Where does initial infection occur?

A

7-14 days after initial replication in lymphoid tissue of pharynx and gut. Secondary spread to viremia and CNS.

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5
Q

What is most common clinical presentation of polio?

A

subclinical with no signs. (90%)

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6
Q

What are the three types of disease caused by polio

A
abortive polimyelitis
aseptic meningitis (nonparylitic)
paralytic poliomyelitis (risk increases with age)
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7
Q

What is post-polio syndorme?

A

increased weakening of muscles later in life

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8
Q

how is polio diagnosed?

A

neutralization assays of stool, throat, CSF. (vaccine can be distinguished from wild virus)

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9
Q

How is polio virus best inactivated and killed on surfaces?

A

resistant to ethanol AND detergents so formaldehyde or chlorine must be used.

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10
Q

What was used by SALK to inactivate polio for the vaccine?

A

formalin

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Salk vaccine?

A

requires four subcu injecitons and does NOT prevent wild virus spread, only protects against paralysis

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12
Q

What is the Sabin live OPV?

A

oral administration of three drops (cheap). but can revert to virulence during preparation or during shedding by recipients.

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