348 exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
General drug classification which
might take 4-6 weeks for full benefit
A
antidepressants
2
Q
Drug group that is associated with
the neurotransmitter GABA
A
benzos
3
Q
Torticollis is seen in this adverse
reaction
A
dystonia
4
Q
Atypical antidepressant which has
a high risk of seizures
A
bupropion
5
Q
Modulates other neurotransmitters
A
Gaba
6
Q
Group of medication known to be
the most widely prescribed
A
anxiolytics
7
Q
prescription drug used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms of psych meds like movement disorders (such as tardive dyskinesia)
A
benztropine
8
Q
benztropine works to ___
A
block acetylcholine thus decreasing uncontrolled movements
9
Q
Generation of antipsychotics most
likely to cause EPS
A
first
10
Q
__________ crisis is an additional
symptom of dystonia that impacts the
eye
A
oculogyric
11
Q
side effect of a drug where there is an intense need to move about without stopping
A
akathisia
12
Q
labs to monitor for patients on lithium
A
kidney function, thyroid function, and sodium levels
13
Q
repeated purposeless behaviors such as tapping which the patient may or may not be conscious of
A
automatisms
14
Q
this refers to overall slow movements below normal
A
psychomotor retardation
15
Q
false sensory perception
A
hallucinations
16
Q
fixed belief that is false or not connected to reality
A
delusions
17
Q
Rorschach test is ___
A
ink blot card perception test used to test patient’s perceptual abilities
18
Q
full range of emotions and emotional display ability
A
broad affect
19
Q
rapidly changing mood which is unpredictable and un patterned
A
labile affect
20
Q
understanding the true nature of one’s situation
A
insight
21
Q
least restrictive environment is ____
A
the patient’s right to calm and open setting
22
Q
harm or unwanted contact to the client is
A
battery
23
Q
branch of philosophy regarding values related to right or wrong
A
ethics
24
Q
Honoring commitments / keeping promises
A
fidelety
25
verbal threat to harm
assault
26
keeping the privacy of health information
confidentiality
27
legally recognized relationship ie. patient and nurse
duty
28
any wrongful act resulting in injury, loss, or damage
tort
29
unintentional tort that involves harm due to lack of being competent (the act of not doing)
negligence
30
first generation or conventional antipsychotics
-zine
31
five symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations
delusions
social isolation
paranoia
slow movement
32
schizophrenia neurotransmitter imbalance
low dopamine production in the prefrontal cortex and in return extremely high dopamine production in the midbrain to compensate
33
When can patients expect optimal therapeutic benefit to be present with antidepressant drugs?
Two weeks
34
Adverse side effects of SSRI's
Serotonin syndrome
Suicidal Ideation
Sexual Dysfunction
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
Headache / hypertension
35
3 major side effects known to occur with use of antipsychotic medications
weight gain
movement disorders
muscle rigidity
also - dry mouth and dizziness
36
NMS stands for
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
37
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is
a nervous system condition that is caused by antipsychotic and dopaminergic blocking medications
38
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is characterized by
hyperthermia
muscular rigidity
autonomic dysfunction
altered consciousness
39
signs and symptoms of of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
high fever
variable blood pressure
sweating
tachycardia
ridged muscles
40
treatments for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
muscle relaxants
dopaminergic drugs
beta blockers
41
main non stimulant drug used for treating ADHD
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
42
Atomoxetine (Strattera) drug class and mechanism of action
selective nor epinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
increases available nor epinephrine and dopamine in the pre frontal cortex but not in the substantia nigra and nucleus accumbens - thus not creating as much stimulation as traditional stimulants for ADHD
43
Most common medication used to treat NMS neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Dantrolene - muscle relaxant which relaxes muscles and decreases hyperthermia
44
Kava
root used as an anxiolytic
has potential hepatotoxic effects when used in large dosages or with alcohol
45
class of antidepressants with highest risk of fatal overdose
tricyclics
46
tricyclics work to
inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
47
Habeas Corpus is
the patient's right to argue that they are being held illegally against their will
48
5 patient bill of rights (PHIRK)
Right to Privacy
Right to Habeas Corpus
Right of Informed consent
Right to Refuse treatment
Right to Keep personal items
49
ex parte order is
court executed order to give patient informed consent against their will
50
veracity means
honesty and truth
51
utilitarianism is an ethical principal that refers to ____
making a decision to serve the greatest good for the greatest number of people
52
deontology refers to
an action should be done because it is morally right
53
euthymic means
normal
54
dysthymic means
depressed
55
decorticate posturing is a sign of ___
brain injury
56
most common form of hallucinations
auditory
57
ideas of reference is when
patients believe general events are directed at them and that they are the center of everything
58
clang associations is when patients
speaking in rhymes
59
HEADSSS assessment tool for pediatrics (psych)
H - Home
E - Education
A - Activities
D - Drug / substance abuse
S - Sexuality
S - Suicide
S - Safety
60
True or False? When interviewing a client, the nurse should select an area that is quiet and isolated from others?
False - The nurse should interview a client in an environment that is comfortable, private, and safe for both the client and the nurse.
61
Hypersomnia is
when a patient sleeps 16+ hours at a time when the average person sleeps 7 to 8 hours
62
narcolepsy is
excessive daytime sleepiness where a person struggles to stay awake throughout the daytime.
63
obstructive sleep apnea is caused by ____
a blockage or narrowing of the airways
64
central sleep apnea is caused by _____
malfunction in the brain's autonomic respiratory control center
65
Hirschsprung's disease is
a blockage of the large intestine due to improper muscle movement in the bowel. (Congenital condition)
66
Dyspareunia is
genital pain associated with sexual intercourse
67
Vaginismus is
an involuntary constriction of the outer third of the vagina, which prevents anything from being inserted
68
Cisgender is when
the person identifies with the correct gender they were born as
69
the limbic system consists of seven components
thalamus
hypothalamus
amygdala
hippocampus
basal ganglia
cingulate gyrus
pituitary gland
70
the function of the cingulate cortex is
process emotions and autonomic behavior in response to emotional processing
71
cerebrum is the
front part of the brain
72
the part of the brain (lobe) which is diseased in schizophrenia, ADHD, and Dementia
Frontal lobe
73
part of the brain (lobe) responsible for organization of thought, body movement, memories, emotions, and moral behavior
frontal lobe
74
part of the brain (lobe) responsible for taste perception, touch perception, and spatial orientation
parietal lobe
75
part of the brain (lobe) responsible for language perception, generation, visual perception, and depth perception
occipital lobe
76
part of the brain (lobe) responsible for smell, hearing, memory, and emotional expression
temporal lobe
77
locus coeruleus is
the part of the brainstem that synthesizes and releases norepinephrine
78
midbrain function (within the brainstem)
motor activity
sleep
consciousness
awareness
extrapyramidal system
79
extrapyramidal system of the midbrain does what?
relays information about movement and coordination from the brain to the spinal cord
80
pons function (within the brainstem)
primary motor pathway for nerve signals from the brain to the spinal cord
81
medulla function (within the brainstem)
respiration
cardiovascular function
82
dementia, psychotic or maniac behavior comes from dysfunctions of the ____
limbic system
83
function of neuromodulators
acting together with neurotransmitters to enhance the excitatory or inhibitory responses of the receptors
84
excitatory neurotransmitters
dopamine
norepinephrine
epinephrine
glutamate
85
inhibitory neurotransmitters
Gaba
serotonin
86
neuromodulators
histamine
acetylcholine
87
in myasthenia gravis _____ receptors are reduced
acetylcholine
88
in alzeimer's disease ____ secreting neurons are weakened and decreased
acetylcholine
89
acetylcholine two main functions
regulates sleep and wakefulness cycle
signals muscles to become alert
90
drugs that enhance ______ are used to break and prevent seizures
Gaba
91
Glutamate is the _____ of Gaba
excitatory opposite of Gaba
92
Glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for ____ and ______
learning and memory
93
norepinephrine is responsible for (brain effects)
concentration
attention
vigilance
energy
94
epinephrine is responsible for (body effects)
peripheral vasoconstriction
tachycardia
hypertension
glucose release from stores
95
lacrimation is
tears
96
acetylcholine functions in the autonomic nervous system
bradycardia
GI motility
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Sexual Arousal
97
acetylcholine function in the sympathetic nervous system
muscular contractions
98
acetylcholine functions in the hippocampus
learning
memory
wakefulness
attention
99
CT scan (CAT scan)
serial x - rays of the brain to look at soft tissues
100
Common CT brain scan uses
primary tumors
metastases
effusions
size of ventricles
20-40 minutes
101
MRI scan
radio waves
blood flow
measures thickness and size of the brain structures
102
common MRI uses
edema
swelling
schizophrenia (7% reduction in cortical thickness)
103
scan that creates the best comprehensive picture of the entire brain
MRI
104
Brain scan uses to detect amyloid plaques in the brain to diagnose Alzheimer's
PET scan
105
Dye used in MRI scans is called
Gadolinium which is injected
106
1st gen antipsychotics stem
-zine
107
2nd gen antipsychotics stem
-pine
-one
108
3rd generation dopamine system stabalizer
aripiprazole
109
antipsychotics mechanism of action
blocks dopamine receptors
110
antidote for anticholinergic toxicity
physostigmine
111
RN interventions for anticholinergic therapies
chew sugarless gum
high fiber diet
2-3l of fluid per day
encourage slow positioning changes
112
agranulocytosis is
severely lowered white blood cell counts
113
antipsychotic drug most notorious for causing agranulocytosis and metabolic disfunction
clozapine
114
generation of antipsychotics that cause weight gain
2nd generation except ziprasidone
115
antipsychotics increase ______ in males
prolactin
116
conventional means ____
1st gen
117
antidepressant class with the highest risk of overdose toxicity and or death
tricyclics
118
three S's of SSRI side effects (3 main side effects)
S - Stomach upset
S - Sexual dysfunction
S - Serotonin Syndrome
119
SNRI's are also used to treat ____
pain
120
bupropion has a high danger of ____
seizures
121
therapeutic range of lithium
0.5 to 1.2
122
chronic long term use of lithium carries high risk for ____
kidney damage
123
valproic acid two main side effects ____
low platelets
hepatotoxicity
124
topiramate and valproic acid increase levels of _____
GABA
125
main non stimulant drug used for ADHD and its drug class
Atomoxetine: SNRI
126
Mood stabilizing drug with a high risk for rash
carbamazepine
127
carbamazepine is used as both a ____ and a ____
mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant
128
valproic acid is most likely to cause ____ and ___
hepatic failure and teratogenesis
129
four disorders which can be treated with antidepressants
major depressive disorder
anxiety disorders
depressed phase of bipolar disorder
psychotic depression
