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AQA AS BIOLOGY - YEAR 1 > 3.4.7 Investigating Diversity > Flashcards

3.4.7 Investigating Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Comparing the base sequences of a gene provides more information than comparing the amino acid sequence for which the gene codes. Explain why

A

Different base triplets code for the same amino acids

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2
Q

What does standard deviation show?

A

The spread of data about the mean

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3
Q

What can be said about the data collected if the standard deviation is large?

A

Less reliable

Data varies a lot

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4
Q

What can be said about the data collected if the standard deviation is small

A

More reliable

Data more consistent

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5
Q

If the standard deviations of the 2 sets of data collected overlaps, what can be concluded

A

No difference in the 2 sets of data

It’s not significant - due to chance

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6
Q

Variation is…

A

The differences between individuals

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7
Q

Variation is caused by

A

Genetics and the environment

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8
Q

Variations between organisms of the same species is due to…

A

Differences in their alleles (and the environment)

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9
Q

Variation between organisms of different species is due to…

A

Different genes (and the environment)

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10
Q

When you sample to study variation, how should you go about collecting the sample and why

A

Randomly

Results are not biased
Results are representative

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11
Q

When plotting variation data, what type of graph do you get?

A

Normal distribution curve

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12
Q

The highest point on normal distribution curve (that is symmetical) is…

A

The mean value

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13
Q

When studying variation between 2 populations, what would you need to calculate?

A

Mean

Standard deviation

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14
Q

If the standard deviation of the 2 sets of data DO NOT overlap, what can you conclude from the data

A

There is a difference between the data collected.

It is likely significant and not due to chance

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15
Q

What could you do to data collected if you wanted to determine if data collected was significant or not?

A

Carry out the right statistical test

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16
Q

When carrying a statistical test, what do you have to formulate first?

A

A null hypothesis

17
Q

When comparing means of samples, what statistical test would you do?

A

T test

18
Q

When comparing observed and expected data, what test would you perform?

A

Chi squared test

19
Q

When looking for a correlation between two variables, what test would you do?

A

Spearman’s rank

20
Q

When drawing conclusions from statistical tests, what words should you include?

A

Significant or not
Chance
Probability

21
Q

What level of probability do Biologists refer to?

A

5% / 0.05

22
Q

If your calculated value in your tests is GREATER than the critical value in the table (at the 5% level), what can you conclude?

A

REJECT NULL HYPOTHESIS
Results are significant
Less than 5% probability that the differences are due to chance

23
Q

If your calculated value in your tests is LESS than the critical value in the table (at 5% level), what can you conclude?

A

ACCEPT NULL HYPOTHESIS
Differences in the mean values are significant
Results are not significant
Greater than a 5% probability that the differences is due to chance

24
Q

If the P value is less than 0.02, what can you conclude?

A

REJECT NULL HYPOTHESIS
Differences between mean values are significant
Less than 2% probability that the difference is due to chance

25
Q

Removal of hedgerows reduced diversity of birds. Why?

A
  1. Removes species / types of plants/ insects
  2. Fewer food sources
  3. Fewer habitats / niches
26
Q

Define species richness

A

Number of different species in a community / habitat

27
Q

How should a person collect and process data to investigate if there is a difference in size of seeds produced by a particular tree in 2 different areas?

A
  1. Randomly sample seeds from both areas
  2. Large sample to ensure representative (reliable mean)
  3. Measure mass of seed as indicator of size
  4. Calculate mean and standard deviation
  5. T test carried out
  6. Determine if there is a significant difference between the means of the two samples

AQA AS BIOLOGY - YEAR 1 (43 decks)

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