3.1.2.1 Introduction To Biological Molecules

Question 1

What is a solvent?

Answer 1

The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution

Question 2

Individual biological molecules that can be liked to form chains are called…

Answer 2

Monomers

Question 3

Which type of reaction takes place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?

Answer 3

A condensation reaction

Question 4

How many atoms of carbon-12 are found in 1 mole of carbon 12?

Answer 4

6.02 x10^23

Question 5

Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?

Answer 5

Polynucleotides

Question 6

Define a “molar solution”

Answer 6

A molar solution (1M) is a solution that contains 1 mole of solute in every litre (dm^3) of solution

Question 7

Name the common biological monomers

Answer 7

Mononucleotides (or just nucleotides) Monosaccharides Amino acids

Question 8

Describe a hydrogen bond

Answer 8

When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule

Question 9

How can we find the mass of 1 mole of a more complex molecule?

Answer 9

Look up the atomic masses of each element that make up the molecule and add them together

Question 10

The process of polymer formation from monomers is called…

Answer 10

Polymerisation

Question 11

A hydrolysis reaction requires…

Answer 11

The addition of water to seperate a polymer into its monomers

Question 12

What is meant by metabolism?

Answer 12

All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body

Question 13

What is a solute?

Answer 13

The solid that is dissolved to make a solution

Question 14

Name 3 common biological polymers

Answer 14

Polynucleotides Polysaccharides Polypeptides (proteins)

Question 15

Describe a covalent bond

Answer 15

When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell

Question 16

A condensation reaction releases…

Answer 16

A water molecule when monomers join

Question 17

Name the 3 types of bond that join biological molecules together

Answer 17

Covalent bonds Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonds

Question 18

Long chains of monomer sub units are called…

Answer 18

Polymers

Question 19

What is a molecule?

Answer 19

When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together

Question 20

What is the mass of 1 mole of carbon?

Answer 20

12g

Question 21

Describe an ionic bond

Answer 21

When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-

Question 22

What is an atom?

Answer 22

The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist

Question 23

How can we easily find the mass of 1 mole of an element?

Answer 23

Look up the atomic mass of the element on a periodic table

Question 24

Which polymer do many amino acids form?

Answer 24

Polypeptides (proteins)

Question 25

Which type of reaction takes place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?

Answer 25

Hydrolysis

Question 26

Name biological molecules which contain nitrogen

Answer 26

Proteins / amino acids DNA RNA ATP / ADP Nucleotides

Question 27

Define a monomer

Answer 27

Smaller molecule or repeating unit from which a larger molecule is made (polymer)

Question 28

What monomers make up lactose?

Answer 28

Galactose and glucose

Question 29

Name the bond between 2 monosaccharides

Answer 29

Glycosidic

Question 30

Name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 30

Ester

Question 31

Name the molecule

Answer 31

Unsaturated fatty acid