3.1.2.1 Introduction To Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is a solvent?
The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution
Individual biological molecules that can be liked to form chains are called…
Monomers
Which type of reaction takes place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?
A condensation reaction
How many atoms of carbon-12 are found in 1 mole of carbon 12?
6.02 x10^23
Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?
Polynucleotides
Define a “molar solution”
A molar solution (1M) is a solution that contains 1 mole of solute in every litre (dm^3) of solution
Name the common biological monomers
Mononucleotides (or just nucleotides) Monosaccharides Amino acids
Describe a hydrogen bond
When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule
How can we find the mass of 1 mole of a more complex molecule?
Look up the atomic masses of each element that make up the molecule and add them together
The process of polymer formation from monomers is called…
Polymerisation
A hydrolysis reaction requires…
The addition of water to seperate a polymer into its monomers
What is meant by metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body
What is a solute?
The solid that is dissolved to make a solution
Name 3 common biological polymers
Polynucleotides Polysaccharides Polypeptides (proteins)
Describe a covalent bond
When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell
A condensation reaction releases…
A water molecule when monomers join
Name the 3 types of bond that join biological molecules together
Covalent bonds Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonds
Long chains of monomer sub units are called…
Polymers
What is a molecule?
When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together
What is the mass of 1 mole of carbon?
12g
Describe an ionic bond
When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist
How can we easily find the mass of 1 mole of an element?
Look up the atomic mass of the element on a periodic table
Which polymer do many amino acids form?
Polypeptides (proteins)
Which type of reaction takes place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?
Hydrolysis
Name biological molecules which contain nitrogen
Proteins / amino acids DNA RNA ATP / ADP Nucleotides
Define a monomer
Smaller molecule or repeating unit from which a larger molecule is made (polymer)
What monomers make up lactose?
Galactose and glucose
Name the bond between 2 monosaccharides
Glycosidic
Name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol
Ester
Name the molecule
Unsaturated fatty acid
