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AQA AS BIOLOGY - YEAR 1 > 3.3.3.1 Proteins - Enzymes and Digestion > Flashcards

3.3.3.1 Proteins - Enzymes and Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

The 2 stages of digestion humans are…

A

Physical breakdown by teeth or stomach churning

Chemical digestion by enzymes

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2
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Releases pancreatic juice onto food, as it exits the stomach, which contains proteases, lipases and carbohydrases

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3
Q

Give some examples of proteases involved in digestion

A

Endopeptidase

Exopeptidase

Dipeptidase

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4
Q

What is the function of teeth?

A

To physically break down food and increase its surface area

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5
Q

What is meant by chemical digestion?

A

When large food molecules are hydrolysed into smaller molecules by enzymes

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6
Q

Give some examples of carbohydrases involved in digestion

A 
Salivary Amylase
Pancreatic Amylase
Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase
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7
Q

Name the cell membrane-bound protease

A

Dipeptidase

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8
Q

Bile salts are produced by the…

A

Liver

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9
Q

What is the function of maltase?

A

To break down maltose into 2 alpha-glucose molecules

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10
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Produces proteases for protein digestion

Churns food to physically break it down

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11
Q

What is the function of salivary amylase?

A

To hydrolyse starch into maltose

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12
Q

What is the function of lipase?

A

To hydrolyse the ester bonds in triglycerides to give fatty acids and monoglycerides

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13
Q

How does the body break down maltose?

A

The lining of the ileum has maltase enzymes bound to their membranes

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14
Q

What is the function of exopeptidases?

A

To hydrolyse the peptide bonds at the ends of peptide molecules, which releases amino acids and dipeptides

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15
Q

Name the 3 membrane bound disaccharides…

A

Maltase

Sucrase

Lactase

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16
Q

What is the function of dipeptidases?

A

To hydrolyse the peptide bonds between dipeptides.

They are membrane bound enzymes

17
Q

What is the function of the ileum (small intestine)?

A

Produces enzymes to digest food

Absorbs the products of digestion into the blood

18
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

To carry food from the mouth to the stomach

19
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

To absorb water

20
Q

What is meant by egestion?

A

The removal of faeces via the anus

21
Q

What is the function of bile salts?

A

To emulsify large lipid molecules into smaller lipid micelles. To increase the surface area that lipase can act on

22
Q

What is the function of lactase?

A

To hydrolyse the glycosidic bond in a lactose molecule to give glucose and galactose

23
Q

What is the function of pancreatic amylase?

A

To hydrolyse starch in the ileum that was not broken down in the mouth

24
Q

How does physical breakdown aid digestion?

A

Creates a larger surface area for enzymes to act on

Makes food easier to ingest (swallow)

25
Q

Starch is not digested when food enters the stomach. Why?

A

The salivary amylase enzymes are denatured by the hydrochloric acid in the stomach

26
Q

What is the function of endopeptidases?

A

To hydrolyse the central peptide bonds in a large protein molecule to give smaller peptide molecules

27
Q

Name the 3 categories of enzymes

A

Carbohydrases

Proteases

Lipases

28
Q

Which type of bond does amylase break?

A

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds

29
Q

What is meant by hydrolysis?

A

When a water molecule is added to a molecule to break a chemical bond.

30
Q

What is the function of sucrase?

A

To hydrolyse the glycosidic bond in a sucrose molecule to give glucose and fructose.

31
Q

Which enzyme is produced by the salivary glands?

A

Salivary amylase

32
Q

Enzymes are secreted by..

A

Glands

33
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

The final section of the intestines which stores faeces

34
Q

What is a monoglyceride

A

A glycerol molecule with 1 fatty acid attached

35
Q

Name the 3 proteases (peptidases) that are involved in protein digestion

A

Endopeptidases

Exopeptidase

Dipeptidase

AQA AS BIOLOGY - YEAR 1 (43 decks)

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