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AQA AS BIOLOGY - YEAR 1 > 3.1.2.2 Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides To Polysaccharides > Flashcards

3.1.2.2 Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides To Polysaccharides Flashcards

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1
Q

An individual sugar molecule is called a…

A

Monosaccharide

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2
Q

Name a structural polysaccharide

A

Cellulose (plant cell walls)

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3
Q

A 5 carbon sugar is called a …

A

Pentose

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4
Q

What happens during hydrolysis

A

The addition of a water molecule breaks down a chain of molecules

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5
Q

A 4 carbon sugar is called a…

A

Tetrose

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6
Q

Polysaccharides are large. This means that they are…

A

Insoluble (will not dissolve)

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7
Q

When many monosaccharides join together, they form a …

A

Polysaccharide

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8
Q

Which elements make up carbohydrates?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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9
Q

When 2 monosaccharides join together, they form a…

A

Disaccharide

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10
Q

What happens during a condensation reaction?

A

A water molecule is released from the reacting molecules

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11
Q

How many covalent bonds does carbon make?

A

4

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12
Q

Which type of reaction takes place when wo monosaccharides join together?

A

Condensation reaction

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13
Q

A 3 carbon sugar is called…

A

Triose

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14
Q

A 6 carbon sugar is called a…

A

Hexose

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15
Q

Name the bond that forms between two monosaccharides

A

Glycosidic bond

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16
Q

An individual biological molecule is called a …

A

Monomer

17
Q

Which type of reaction takes place when a disaccharide or polysaccharide is broken down?

A

Hydrolysis

18
Q

Name 3 common disacchraides

A

Maltose (glucose + glucose)
Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
Lactose (glucose + galactose)

19
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but molecules are arranged differently

20
Q

Long chains of repeating molecules are called…

A

Polymers

21
Q

Glucose + fructose —–> ___________

A

Sucrose

22
Q

The general formula of a monosaccharide is…

A

(CH2O)n where n is the number of carbon atoms

23
Q

Glucose + glucose —–> ____________

A

Maltose

24
Q

A 7 carbon sugar is called a…

A

Heptose

25
Q

A molecule containing carbon is called an…

A

Organic molecule

26
Q

Name 4 common hexose monomers

A

Alpha glucose
Beta glucose
Galactose
Fructose

27
Q

Name 2 common storage polysaccharides

A

Glycogen

Starch

28
Q

Which 4 elements make up most biological molecules?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

29
Q

Glucose + Galactose —–> ___________

A

Lactose

30
Q

Polysaccharides are used in cells for _______ and _____

A

Storage (energy)

Structure (cell walls)

31
Q

Name the monomer that makes up maltose

A

Glucose

32
Q

Sucrose hydrolysis produces

A

Fructose and glucose

33
Q

How is starch related to its fucntion?

A
  1. Helical / spiral shape so compact
  2. Large molecule / insoluble so osmotically inactive
  3. Branched so glucose is easily released for respiration
  4. Large molecule so cannot leave cell / cross cell-surface membrane
34
Q

How is the structure of cellulose suited to its function?

A

Long, straight / unbranched chains of beta glucose
Joined by hydrogen bonding
To form micro/macro fibrils
Provides rigidity and strength

35
Q

What other enzymes are required for the complete digestion of starch?

A

Amylase and Maltase

36
Q

Give 2 differences between the structure of cellulose and glycogen

A

Cellulose molecules straight chains; Glycogen branched
Cellulose beta glucose; Glycogen Alpha glucose
Cellulose molecules straight chains; glycogen coiled
Cellulose has only 1,4 glycosidic bonds; Glycogen has 1,4 and 1,6 bonds

37
Q

Describe and explain 2 features of starch that makes it a good storage molecule

A

Coiled / helical making it compact
Insoluble so it does not affect water potential of cells
Large so can’t cross cell membrane
Branched so more ends for enzyme action

38
Q

Describe how lactose is formed

A

Glucose and Galactose
Joined by condensation reaction
Through a glycosidic bond

AQA AS BIOLOGY - YEAR 1 (43 decks)

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