3.4.5 Species and Toxonomy

Question 1

Classification

Answer 1

• The organisation of living organisms into groups based on common features
• Show evolutionary links + predict characteristics shared by members of the same group

Question 2

Types of Classification

Answer 2

• Artificial Classification
• Natural Classification

Question 3

Artificial Classification

Answer 3

Divides organisms according to analogous features (have the same function) but a different evolutionary origin

Question 4

Example of Artificial Classification

Answer 4

Wings in butterflies, and wings in birds

Question 5

Phylogenetic Classification

Answer 5

• Based on evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
• Classifies species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors
• Uses a hierarchy (in which the groups are contained within large composite groups with no overlap)

Question 6

What are phylogenetic classification partially based on?

Answer 6

Homologous characteristics - have similar evolutionary origins regardless of their functions in the adult of a species

Question 7

Example of phylogenetic classification

Answer 7

Wings of a bird, arms of a human and front leg of a horse all have the same basic structure so are homologous