3.1.7 Water Flashcards

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1
Q

Water’s dipolarity

A
  • O has slight negative charge
  • H has slight positive charge
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2
Q

Hydrogen bonding in water

A
  • Positive pole of one water is attracted to negative pole of another water
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3
Q

Strength of hydrogen bond

A

1/10th of a covalent bond

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4
Q

Specific heat capacity of water

A
  • Due to hydrogen bonding, it takes more heat energy to separate them
  • Water acts as a buffer against sudden temperature variations
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5
Q

Latent heat of vaporisation definition

A

The energy required to evaporate 1 gram of water

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6
Q

Latent heat of vaporisation of water

A

Is high due to hydrogen bonding, provides cooling effect

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7
Q

Cohesion

A

The tendency of molecules to stick together

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8
Q

Cohesion of water

A

Large cohesion forces allow the water to be pulled up through a tube/supports columns of water(e.g. the xylem vessel)

  • Results in surface tension
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9
Q

Surface tension of water

A
  • Where water meets air they tend to be pulled back into the body of water rather than escaping from it
  • Can support small organisms
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10
Q

Importance of water to living organisms

A
  • Water in metabolism
  • Water as a solvent
  • Other uses
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11
Q

Importance of water: Water in metabolism

A
  • Water is used for hydrolysis reactions
  • Chemical reactions take place in an aqueous medium
  • Water is a major raw material to photosynthesis
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12
Q

Importance in water: Water as a solvent

A

Water readily dissolves other substances:

  • gases (e.g. oxygen and carbon dioxide)
  • wastes (e.g. ammonia and urea)
  • inorganic ions + small hydrophilic molecules (e.g. amino acids, monosaccharides and ATP)
  • enzymes, whose reactions take place in solution
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13
Q

Other important features of water

A
  • Its evaporation cools organisms (allows them to control their temperature)
  • Not easily compressed so provides support (e.g. hydrostatic skeleton in earthworms)
  • Transparent so light rays can penetrate through for photosynthesis
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14
Q

Why is water a solvent?

A

Its a polar molecule

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15
Q

Why is water important in the cytoplasm of cells?

A
  • Solvent
  • Reactive (takes part in hydrolysis and condensation reactions)
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