3.1.6 ATP Flashcards
1
Q
Full form of ATP
A
Adenosine triphosphate
2
Q
ATP structure
A
- A nucleotide derivative
- Formed from: 1 adenine, 1 ribose and 3 phosphate groups
3
Q
Role of ATP
A
Provides constant supply of energy in organisms for:
* Anabolic reactions
* Moving substances
* Muscle contractions
* Conduction of nerve impulses
4
Q
ATP storage
A
- ATP is not stored in the body
- It is a short-term store of chemical energy
- This is not a problem because it is rapidly re-formed
5
Q
ATP structure: Ribose
A
- Pentose sugar
- Acts as a backbone to which the other parts are attached
6
Q
ATP structure: Adenine
A
Nitrogen containing organic base
7
Q
ATP structure: Phosphates
A
A chain of 3 phosphate groups
8
Q
How do the bonds in an ATP molecule store energy?
A
- The bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable (so have a low activation energy) -> so easily broken
- When broken, release a considerable amount of energy
9
Q
Hydrolysis of ATP
A
ATP + H2O -> ADP + P1 + E
P1 = inorganic phosphate
E = energy
10
Q
Catalyst of hydrolysis of ATP
A
ATP hydrolase
11
Q
Condensation of ADP
A
ADP + P1 + E -> ATP + H2O
12
Q
Catalyst for condensation of ADP
A
ATP synthase
13
Q
Where does ADP -> ATP occur?
A
- in chlorophyll containing plant cells during photosynthesis (photophosphorylation)
- in plant + animal cells during respiration (oxidative phosphorylation
- in plant + animal cells when phsophate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP (substrate level phosphorylation)
14
Q
Why is ATP a better immediate energy source than glucose?
A
- Each ATP molecule releases less energy than each glucose molecule -> so energy is released in more manageable quantities
- Hydrolysis of ATP -> ADP is a single reaction which releases energy. Breakdown of glucose occurs over many reactions so release of energy takes longer
15
Q
Roles of ATP
A
- metabolic processes
- movement
- active transport
- secretion
- activation of molecules
