3.4-3.7

Question 1

the birth process

Answer 1

The birth process occurs in stages, takes place in different contexts, and in most cases involves one or more attendants

Question 2

stages of birth

Answer 2

1st stage 6-12 hours
2nd stage 45 min
3rd stage few minutes

Question 3

1st stage of birth

Answer 3

uterine contractions are 15 to 20 minutes apart and
last up to 1 minute
+++the longest stage from 6-12 hours

Question 4

2nd stage of birth

Answer 4

the baby’s head starts to move through the cervix
and birth canal.

+++This takes 45 minutes to an hour and ends when the baby completely emerges from the mother’s body

Question 5

3rd stage of birth

Answer 5

afterbirth: when the placenta, umbilical cord, and other
membranes are detached and expelled, lasting only minutes.

Question 6

drugs used for labor

Answer 6

Three basic kinds of drugs used for labor are analgesia, anesthesia, and oxytocin/Pitocin.

Question 7

methods of childbirth

Answer 7

natural childbirth
prepared childbirth
cesarean delivery

Question 8

natural childbirth

Answer 8

attempts to reduce the mother’s pain by decreasing her fear through information and instruction in relaxation techniques.

Question 9

prepared childbirth

Answer 9

the Lamaze method
includes some specific breathing techniques to control pushing in the final stage of labor

Question 10

cesarean delivery

Answer 10

surgically removing the baby from the mother’s uterus through an abdominal incision
Breech position: the baby’s position in the uterus causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge.

Question 11

assessing the newborn

Answer 11

-Apgar scale
-Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS)

Question 12

Apgar scale

Answer 12

a method for assessing the health of newborns at
one and five minutes after birth.
* Infant’s heart rate.
* Respiratory effort.
* Muscle tone.
* Body color.
* Reflex irritability.

Question 13

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Answer 13

used in the first month of life to assess the newborn’s
neurological development, reflexes, and reactions to people and objects.

Question 14

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS)

Answer 14

assessment of the newborn’s behavior, neurological and stress responses, and regulatory capacities.

Question 15

Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants

Answer 15

-low birth weight infants
-preterm infants
-same for date infants

Question 16

low birth infants

Answer 16

weigh less than 5 pounds 8 ounces
very low birth newborns between 3-4 pounds
extremely low birth newborns less than 2 pounds

Question 17

preterm infants

Answer 17

are born before the full term is completed—35 or
fewer weeks after conception.

Question 18

small for date infants

Answer 18

or small for (gestational-age infants) are
infants with birth weights below normal considering the length of pregnancy.

Question 19

consequences of preterm birth and low birth weight

Answer 19

The number and severity increase when they are born very early and very small.