2.3-2.6

Question 1

the collaborative gene

Answer 1

Collaboration Gene means any Identified Gene presented with its homolog

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
they come in 23pairs
XX for female
XY for male

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

A complex molecule that contains genetic information.

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

units of hereditary information composed of DNA.
* Help cells to reproduce themselves.
* Manufacture the proteins that maintain life.

Question 5

major approaches to gene identification and discovery

Answer 5

genome-wide association method, linkage analysis, next-generation sequencing

Question 6

genome-wide association method

Answer 6

used to identify genetic variations linked to a particular disease, such as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, or Alzheimer’s diseases

Question 7

linkage analysis

Answer 7

in which the goal is to discover the location of a gene (or genes) in relation to a marker gene (whose position is already known), which is often used to search for disease-related genes

Question 8

Next-generation sequencing

Answer 8

is a term used to describe the vast increase in genetic data
generated at a much-reduced cost and in a much shorter period of time than in the past

Question 9

mitosis

Answer 9

Cellular reproduction in which the
cell’s nucleus duplicates itself with two new
cells being formed, each containing the same
DNA as the parent cell, arranged in the same
23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 10

meiosis

Answer 10

A specialized form of cell division
that occurs to form eggs and sperm (also
known as gametes).

Question 11

fertilization

Answer 11

A stage in reproduction when an
egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell,
called a zygote

Question 12

zygote

Answer 12

cell formed through fertilization

Question 13

identical twins

Answer 13

or (monozygotic twins), a single zygote splits
into two genetically identical replicas and become two
individuals.

Question 14

fraternal twins

Answer 14

(or dizygotic twins), two eggs fertilized by
different sperm create two nonidentical zygotes as genetically
similar as ordinary siblings

Question 15

mutated gene

Answer 15

changes to your DNA sequence that happen during cell division when your cells make copies of themselves.

Question 16

susceptibility gene

Answer 16

genes that make the individual more
vulnerable to specific diseases or accelerated aging.

Question 17

Longevity genes

Answer 17

genes that make the individual less vulnerable
to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age

Question 18

genotype

Answer 18

a person’s genetic material

Question 19

phenotype

Answer 19

how an individual’s genotype is expressed in
observable and measurable physical and psychological
characteristics.

Question 20

dominant- recessive genes principals

Answer 20

if the alleles of a gene are different, one allele will be expressed; it is the dominant gene. The effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked.
example: the mother’s eye color is green and the father’s eye color is blue if the child’s eyes were green it means that the allele of the green color id dominant and the blue is recessive

Question 21

sex-linked genes

Answer 21

refers to characteristics (or traits) that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes
the disease can be carried on the X or Y chromosomes

Question 22

genetic imprinting

Answer 22

Genetic imprinting occurs when the expression of a gene has different effects depending on whether the gene is passed on by
mother or father.

Question 23

polygenic inheritance

Answer 23

Many different genes interacting, plus environmental influences, determine a characteristic or developing the disease

Question 24

gene-gene interaction

Answer 24

the effect of one gene on a disease modified by another gene or several other genes

Question 25

down syndrome

Answer 25

extra chromosome in the 21
-physical abnormalities
-intellectual disability

Question 26

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 26

extra X chromosome -XXY-
-physical abnormalities

Question 27

fragile X syndrome

Answer 27

abnormality in the X chromosome
-intellectual abnormalities
-learning disabilities
- short attention span

Question 28

turner syndrome

Answer 28

X0 missing X chromosome in females
- intellectual disability
-sexual underdevelopment.

Question 29

XYY syndrome

Answer 29

an extra Y chromosome
-above-average height.

Question 30

gene linked abnormalities

Answer 30

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