1.4-1.7

Question 1

biological; cognitive and socioemotional processes

Answer 1

-the biological process is the changes that occur in the individual nature of the environment
-the cognitive process of the change that occurs in the linguistic and intelligence
-the socioemotional process in the change that occurs in the personality emotions

Question 2

the link between the processes

Answer 2

+the developmental cognitive neuroscience link between the development nat the cognitive processes
+the developmental social neuroscience link between the development and the socioemotional processes

Question 3

periods of development

Answer 3

• Prenatal period: conception to birth.
• Infancy: birth to 18 or 24 months.
• Toddler: 18 months to 3 years of age.
• Early childhood: 3 to 5 years of age.
• Middle and late childhood: about 6 to 10 or 11 years old.
• Adolescence: 10 to 12 years old, to 18 to 21 years old.
• Emerging adulthood: 18 to 25 years of age.
• Early adulthood: early twenties through the thirties.
• Middle adulthood: forties and fifties.
• Late adulthood: sixties or seventies, until death

Question 4

the four ages

Answer 4

• First age: childhood and adolescence.
• Second age: prime adulthood, ages 20 to 59.
• Third age: approximately 60 to 79 years of age.
• Fourth age: approximately 80 years and older

Question 5

the three development patterns of aging

Answer 5

• Normal aging: describes most individuals, with psychological
  functioning peaking in early middle age.
• Pathological aging: describes individuals with above average
  decline as they age, developing a condition leading to mild
  cognitive impairment or chronic disease that impairs daily
  functioning.
• Successful aging: describes individuals maintaining positive
  physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development longer in
  life

Question 6

The significance of age

Answer 6

age and happiness
conception of age

Question 7

conception of age

Answer 7

+Chronological age: the number of years that have elapsed since birth.
+Biological age: age in terms of biological health.
+Psychological age: the individual’s adaptive capacities compared with people of the same chronological age.
+Social age: connectedness with others and the social roles people adopt

Question 8

age and happiness

Answer 8

as a person gets older they tend to be happier
feel less pressure to achieve stuff
have strong relationships

Question 9

developmental issues

Answer 9

nature-nurture
continuity- discontinuity
stability -change issues

Question 10

nature-nurture

Answer 10

Nature refers to an organism’s biological inheritance.
* Nurture refers to its environmental experiences.

Question 11

continuity-discontinuity

Answer 11

the debate about the extent to
which development involves gradual, cumulative change
(continuity), or distinct stages (discontinuity