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A Level Chemistry Units 3+4 > 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 Alkenes > Flashcards

3.3.1 and 3.3.2 Alkenes Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkenes

General formula

A

CnH2n

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2
Q

Alkenes made up of

A

hydrocarbons

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3
Q

Alkenes are

saturated or unsaturated?

A

unsaturated

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4
Q

Alkenes

A

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds between one or more of the carbon atoms.

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5
Q

Alkenes reactivity?

why

A

pretty reactive

due to 2 pairs of e-s in the double bond so high e- density

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6
Q

Electrophilic addition reactions

A

double bonds open up and atoms are added to the carbon atoms

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7
Q

Why does electrophilic addition occur

A

plenty of electrons in the double bond so easily attacked by electrophiles

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8
Q

Electrophiles are …

A

electron pair acceptors

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9
Q

What are electrophiles attracted to

2

A

negative charge

polar molecules

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10
Q

Electrophile

definition

A

Lone pair acceptors

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11
Q

Addition

definition

A

Reaction which increases the number of substituents

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12
Q

Test for alkenes

A

bromine water test

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13
Q

Bromine water test

A

Add an alkene to bromine water in a test tube with a bung
shake
if the solution goes from orange to colourless an alkene is present

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14
Q

How does the bromine water test work

A

bromine is added across the c=c bond making a dibromoalkane which is colourless
electrophilic addition

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15
Q

Halogenoalkanes formed by

A

alkenes and hydrogen halides (eg: HBr)

electrophilic addition

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16
Q

Carbocation intermediate

A

Amount of each product formed depends on how stable the carbocation formed in the middle of the reaction is

17
Q

Carbocation?

A

a molecule with a carbon atom which has 3 bonds and a positive charge

18
Q

Unsymmetrical alkene with hydrogen halide

A

carbocation intermediate
or
more stable carbocations (with more alkyl groups)

19
Q

Carbocations with more alkyl groups

A

are more stable

20
Q

Alkyl groups

A

alkanes with with a hydrogen removed

eg: methyl CH3-

21
Q

Alkenes reactions with H2SO4

A

alkenes react with cold, concentrated sulphuric acid to form alkyl hydrogen sulfates

22
Q

How to convert alkyl hydrogen sulphates into alcohol

A

add water and warm the reaction mixture

23
Q

reaction with an unsymmetrical alkene

A

mixture of products

A Level Chemistry Units 3+4 (34 decks)

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