3.1.1/2/3: Formulas and FGs

Question 1

Empirical formulae

Answer 1

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 2

Molecular formulae

Answer 2

The number of each type of atom in a molecule

Question 3

Structural formulae

Answer 3

A written one-line formula showing which groups are connected to which

Question 4

Structural formulae

example of ethane

Answer 4

CH3CH3

Question 5

Displayed formulae

Answer 5

A diagram which shows every bond in a molecule

Question 6

Skeletal formulae

Answer 6

Simplified displayed formula

carbons at the corner of any lines and hydrogen not shown

Question 7

General formulae

Answer 7

Gives the molecular formula for each compound in a homologous series

Question 8

Homologous series

Answer 8

A set of compounds with the same functional group which also have very similar properties

Question 9

Alkenes general formula

Answer 9

CnH2n

Question 10

Alkanes general formula

Answer 10

CnH2n+2

Question 11

Alcohols general formula

Answer 11

CnH2n+1 OH

Question 12

Cycloalkanes

Answer 12

A ring of carbon atoms with two hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom
saturated

Question 13

Branched alkanes

Answer 13

Doesn’t have all carbon atoms in a straight chain

same general formula as straight chain alkanes

Question 14

Aldehydes

suffix and general formula

Answer 14

one of the end carbons has a double bond to an oxygen atom and a single bond to a hydrogen atom
suffix = al
general formula = R-CHO

Question 15

Alcohols

suffix

Answer 15

suffix = ol

Question 16

Ketones

suffix and general formula

Answer 16

suffix = one
general formula = R-CO-R
contain a C=O bond but not at an end carbon

Question 17

Carboxylic acid

suffix and general formula

Answer 17

suffix = oic acid

general formula = R-COOH