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A Level Chemistry Units 3+4 > 3.2.1 Alkanes and Petroleum > Flashcards

3.2.1 Alkanes and Petroleum Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkanes general formula

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

Alkanes are made up of which element(s)

A

hydrocarbons

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3
Q

Alkanes

saturated or unsaturated?

A

saturated, contain only single bonds

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4
Q

Cycloalkanes

A

Ring of carbon atoms with 2 hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon

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5
Q

Cycloalkanes

general formula

A

CnH2n

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6
Q

Crude oil made up of

A

mainly alkanes

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7
Q

Petroleum

A

(fancy) word for crude oil

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8
Q

Petroleum made up of

A

mixture of hydrocarbons

mainly alkanes

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9
Q

Separation of crude oil technique

A

fractional distillation

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10
Q

Fractional distillation

brief method

A

crude oil vaporised at 350 degrees C
into fractionating column and rises
crude oil cools as it moves up
different fractions condense at different levels

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11
Q

Hydrocarbons with highest boiling points in crude oil …

A

don’t vaporise,
run to the bottom
form a residue (bitumen)

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12
Q

Hydrocarbons with lowest boiling points in crude oil…

A

don’t condense

drawn off as gases at top of column

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13
Q

Shorter chain hydrocarbons in crude oil have …

A

lower boiling points

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14
Q

Heavier fractions are

A

cracked

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15
Q

Cracking

A

breaking long-chain alkanes into smaller hydrocarbons by breaking c-c bonds

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16
Q

Two types of cracking

A

thermal and catalytic

17
Q

Thermal cracking

conditions

A

high temp and high pressures

up to 1000 degrees C and 70 atm

18
Q

Thermal cracking

products

A

produces lots of alkenes

used to make valuable products eg: polymers for plastics

19
Q

Catalytic cracking

conditions

A

zeolite catalyst

slight pressure and high temp (about 450 degrees C)

20
Q

Catalytic cracking

products

A

produces mainly aromatic hydrocarbons and motor fuels

21
Q

Catalytic cracking

advantages

A

cuts costs
reaction done at lower temp and pressure
catalyst also speeds up reaction

A Level Chemistry Units 3+4 (34 decks)

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