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GCSE History USA✅ > 3.3 The Nature Of Te Conflict 1964-68 > Flashcards

3.3 The Nature Of Te Conflict 1964-68 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the Vietcong guerrila tactics?

A

Any man, women or child could be part of the VC

-hard for US troops to tell enemies from allies

  • tunnel networks
  • propoganda and talks in villages
  • light weapons
  • simple ambushes
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2
Q

Describe the VC tunnels?

A

Used tunnels to move around shelter during the war

  • 100 miles of tunnels on several levels that connected many villages around Saigon and allowed VC to move more easily
  • tunnels contained hospitals
  • US used tunnel rats to try and destroy them
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3
Q

When was operation rolling thunder?

A

March 1965

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4
Q

Why did Johnson do ‘operation rolling thunder’?

A

Wanted North to negociate wothout having to send in troops

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5
Q

What was operation rolling thunder?

A

Bombing campaign over north Vietnam

  • targeted Ho Chi Minh trail
  • industry
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6
Q

As well as dropping bombs in operation thunder what e,s did the US airforce drop?

A

Pineapple bombs: canisters that explode and shoot pellets everywhere(like bullets)

Napalm: -slow burning petrol mixture, sticks to skin and can burn through bone

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7
Q

What was the limitations of operation rolling thunder?

A
  • didn’t bomb border with China

- didn’t targer haiphong-port where supplies from USSR arrived

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8
Q

Rolling thunder is stopped for a short time in? Because?

A

Christmas 1965 and Jan 1966 as US offered negociating terms with North Vietnamese

-they turn it down and bombing continues until the end of 1968

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9
Q

The damage of operation rolling thunder on: Ho Chi Minh trial?

A

Caused significant damage to roads and bridges but the trail was constantly repaired

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10
Q

The damage of operation rolling thunder on: industry

A

Damaged industry but most war supplies were made in China and the USSR

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11
Q

Whar were the negatives of using pineapple bombs and napalm in North Vietnam

A

Made North Vietnemess more determined to oppose UsA-thousands being killed is bad for public opinion in USA and world wide

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12
Q

Why were troops eventually brought in to Vietnam

A

Operation rolling thunder brought more US aircraft bases in Vietnam which was easy targets for the Vietnamese

General wesrmorland(in charge of US operations in Vietnam) asked for ground troops to protect the bases

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13
Q

How did Johnson get more troops

A

Draft-opposition in the USA

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14
Q

US troops in Vietnam in 1964?

A

20,000

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15
Q

US troops in Vietnam in 1965?

A

180,000

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16
Q

US troops in Vietnam in 1966

A

380,00

17
Q

US troops in Vietnam in 1967?

A

480,000

18
Q

US troops in Vietnam in 1968?

A

530,00

19
Q

What was the main US counter to the Vietcong?

A

Search and destroy

20
Q

What was search and destroy?

A
  • small units of US soldiers seach jungle for VC bases, then call helicopers to bomb them
  • no full scale battles due to hit and run by Vac
21
Q

What was the problem with search and destroy

A

VC just moved back into an area when US were done

-US bombing and spraying harmed ordinary villagers ‘lose hearts and minds’

22
Q

What happened in cedar falls 1967?

A

Failed search and destroy mission

Village is burnt by 30,000 ARVN, becomes a fire free zone but can be bombed at any time

Villagers fail to underantand, warnings dropped in leaflets were no use as they couldn’t read

23
Q

Why did Kennedy approve of chemical warfair?

A

-kill jungle plants and crops in farmland around villages to make VC bases easier to find

24
Q

What is operation Ranch hand?

A

Chemical warfair operation from 1964-1970

  • 300 acres sprayed in 4 mins(herbicides were 50% stronger than those used in USA)
  • over 3,000 villages sprayed
25
Q

Whar was agent blue

A

Fast acting herbicide used to kill crops

26
Q

What was agent orange?

A

Stronger herbicides used to kill jungle forests

27
Q

What is the health issues with herbicides?

A

Produces a posion that does not dissolve in water, rain is carried to rivers and streams and affects people

-affects crops decades after replanting

28
Q

When is the Tet offensive?

A

1968

29
Q

What was thinking behind the tet offensive?

A
  • series of attacks on US bases

- begins on Lunar New year-most ARVN would be on holiday

30
Q

The tet offensive occured on 30 jan what were the key features?

A
  • VC got into US embassy,ARVN headquaters and presidential palace
  • humilitation for US goverment even though VC were soon captured
  • took 3 weeks in streets to win back old city of Hue
31
Q

Why was tet offensive?

A
  • 84,000 communists took part, big change from hit and run

- south Vietneames cities were cinsidered safe

32
Q

What did the South Vietnamese expect the tet offesive to do?

A

Cause a revolution in the south, didn’t happen

33
Q

How did the tet offensive end

A

US capture nearly all bases quickly and VC were almost wiped out

-However American opublic saw it as a defeat for the USA

GCSE History USA✅ (15 decks)

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