2.3 Malcom X And Black Power Flashcards
Who was Malcom X?
Born Malcom little in 1925 his father was murdered when he was 6, put in foster home
Arrested at 21, joins the nation of islam
Changes his name to Malcom X
Describe the increase of membership in the nation of Islam from 1952-1963
500-30,000
What were Malcom X’s beliefs?
- rejected non-violent direct action and felt it was not working
- criticised civil rights leaders for working with white’s to try and gain civil rights
- showed he understood the increasing fustration of black people(especially young men in ghettos
When did Malcom X join the NOI?
1946 when he went to prison
What happened in 1964?
Ledt NOI and started his own religious organisation(muslim mosque inc)
What happened when he went on a pilgrimage to mecca?
- he became morew illing to accept intergration and accept help white help
- he set up the organisatipn of African American untity civil rights group and said it would work with other groups
(Held meetings with members of the SNCC)
When was Malcom X killed?
1965
What happened since 1965?
Rising number of black people reject non-violence and saw black nationalism and black self defeemce as the next step in civil rights
What did black power groups belive(started in 1963)?
- encouraged black people to be proud of their culture and heritage
- rejected help from white people and argued that black people should rely on themselves
- argued against forced intergration saying it would not reduce inequality
Who did black power groups have the most support with?
The poor because many talked about a social revolution to improve the lives of poor black people
Reasons for growth of the black power movement?
- slow progress with non-violent direct action and civil rights and voting axts did not solve segregation
- anger at continuing problems: -worse conditions in ghettos+ discrimination
- civil rights and voting rights act meant mant civil rights protestors protested about issues such as Vietnam war
- black power groups got results on local levels
- pride and self belief
Why was Stokely Chamichael important?
Set up Lowndes county freedom organisation as a party to represent black Americans- party symbol was a panther and slogan sas vote for the panther
What happened in 1966?
Charmichael was elected chairmen of SNCC and he brought more people who supported black power into SNCC-started for SNCC campaigns in the north
When was the march against fear?
June 1966
During the march against fear whar happened when James Meredith was in hospital?
MLK and Carmichael led the march-carmichael’s speeches were more militant and he urged people to demand black power-CORE and SNCC become less welcoming to white supporters
What happened at the Mexico olympics of 1968?
Tommie Smith and John Carlos won gold and bronze in the 200m race, gave black power salute and was booed by Americans
-recieved death threats and were booed but inspired people to join the black poser movement
When were the black panthers set up and by who?
1966, Huey P.Newton
How did the black panthers originally attract attention?
Went to state capital carrying guns to protest against a law that prohibited carrying guns-media attention
What did the black panthers belive?
- white officals and police were not supporting black communities
- said black people needed own officials and police who would work for the community
Why was the black panthers different to other black power groups?
-they were willing to work with white people who shared their beliefs
What did the black panthers do in their black communities?
- patrolled streets
- controlled traffic around schools
- ran courses on black history
- ran breakfast club for poor black children before school
Where the black panthers successful
Local level: yes
-however thet were arrested for robhing banks to fund it and they tried provoking police
