3.3 Interspecific Relationships Flashcards
What is symbiosis
Interspecific relationship in which the effects of the relationship is expressed as beneficial or harmful or neither.
What is parastism
Relationship where host is harmed and the feeder is benefited
What is mutualism
Relationship in which both of the involved organisms are benefitted
What is commensalism
Relationship where one species is benefitted and the other neither benefitted nor harmed
What does hemiparasitic mean?
derives SOME nutrients from host
What are obligate parasite?
derives ALL nutrients from host
What are haustorium?
Specialist roots that attach to the xylem and phloem of the host
What is an epiphyte?
Plant that relies on another plant of abiotic structure with no negative impact on host
Two examples of ectoparasites
Leeches and botflies
Two examples of endoparasites
Tape worms and guinea worms
What is fecundity?
The innate potential reproductive capacity as denoted by the ability to form and separate mature germ cells from the body
What are five core large predator adaptations?
Camouflage, forward facing eyes, sharp teeth/claws, speed & strength, teamwork
What are four core morphological defenses against predators?
Structural adaptations (horns, spikes, stingers, toxins etc), camouflage, eye position and mimicry
What is aggressive mimicry?
Predator mimics non-threatening species to deceive prey
What is batesian mimicry?
Palatable looks unpalatable
What is muellerian mimicry?
Both unpalatable
What are some behavioural defenses?
Nocturnality, safety in numbers, general pursuit deterrent signals (pufferfish blow up, northern fulmar chicks puke stomach oil)
What is gause’s principal?
Two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist
What does gause’s principle/interspecific result in?
Evolution and/or extinction
What is the fundamental niche?
Entire space and conditions a species could survive in given no competition
What is the realised niche?
Set conditions actually used by a species due to interspecific interactions
What is zonation and stratification?
Distribution of organisms into certain zones depending on abiotic factors eg altitude and depth, each zone characterized by a dominant species.
