3.3 Interspecific Relationships

Question 1

What is symbiosis

Answer 1

Interspecific relationship in which the effects of the relationship is expressed as beneficial or harmful or neither.

Question 2

What is parastism

Answer 2

Relationship where host is harmed and the feeder is benefited

Question 3

What is mutualism

Answer 3

Relationship in which both of the involved organisms are benefitted

Question 4

What is commensalism

Answer 4

Relationship where one species is benefitted and the other neither benefitted nor harmed

Question 5

What does hemiparasitic mean?

Answer 5

derives SOME nutrients from host

Question 6

What are obligate parasite?

Answer 6

derives ALL nutrients from host

Question 7

What are haustorium?

Answer 7

Specialist roots that attach to the xylem and phloem of the host

Question 8

What is an epiphyte?

Answer 8

Plant that relies on another plant of abiotic structure with no negative impact on host

Question 9

Two examples of ectoparasites

Answer 9

Leeches and botflies

Question 10

Two examples of endoparasites

Answer 10

Tape worms and guinea worms

Question 11

What is fecundity?

Answer 11

The innate potential reproductive capacity as denoted by the ability to form and separate mature germ cells from the body

Question 12

What are five core large predator adaptations?

Answer 12

Camouflage, forward facing eyes, sharp teeth/claws, speed & strength, teamwork

Question 13

What are four core morphological defenses against predators?

Answer 13

Structural adaptations (horns, spikes, stingers, toxins etc), camouflage, eye position and mimicry

Question 14

What is aggressive mimicry?

Answer 14

Predator mimics non-threatening species to deceive prey

Question 15

What is batesian mimicry?

Answer 15

Palatable looks unpalatable

Question 16

What is muellerian mimicry?

Answer 16

Both unpalatable

Question 17

What are some behavioural defenses?

Answer 17

Nocturnality, safety in numbers, general pursuit deterrent signals (pufferfish blow up, northern fulmar chicks puke stomach oil)

Question 18

What is gause’s principal?

Answer 18

Two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist

Question 19

What does gause’s principle/interspecific result in?

Answer 19

Evolution and/or extinction

Question 20

What is the fundamental niche?

Answer 20

Entire space and conditions a species could survive in given no competition

Question 21

What is the realised niche?

Answer 21

Set conditions actually used by a species due to interspecific interactions

Question 22

What is zonation and stratification?

Answer 22

Distribution of organisms into certain zones depending on abiotic factors eg altitude and depth, each zone characterized by a dominant species.