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A-Level Sociology - Education > 3.3 - Ethnicity (Differential achievement in education) > Flashcards

3.3 - Ethnicity (Differential achievement in education) Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Order of how well different ethnicities do well at GCSE

A 
Chinese (74%)
Indian
White British (56%)
Afro-Caribbean (51%)
Gypsy / Roma (12%)
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2
Q

Name the 4 external factors for ethnicity

A

Cognitive deprivation
Linguistic deprivation
Attitudes and values
Family structure

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3
Q

How does cognitive development impact education?

A

Intellectual and linguistic skills are under developed

Linked to low income as have less money to spend on stimulating toys / activies

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4
Q

How does linguistic development impact education?

A

Bowker - Black American families lack standard English.
Accent, colloquial language
English not first language
Influence teacher labelling

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5
Q

AO3 - How does linguistic development impact education? (2)

A

Driver and Ballard - Asian children who speak a different language at home do just as well in English by 16 yrs old

The Swann Report - Language isn’t a major factor and still do well if not first language

Chinese and Indians do the best

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6
Q

How does attitudes and values of different ethnicities impact education? (3 people)

A

Black children - fatalistic way of thinking so de-value education

Driver and Ballard - Asian family structure brings educational benefits (positive attitude towards education)

Lupton - Expectations of Asian parent’s behaviour reflect on school as more supportive of school procedures and disciple

Evans - White people learn to withstand intimidation and intimidate others in schools and distract others.

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7
Q

AO3 - How does attitudes and values of different ethnicities impact education?

A

Khan - having a strict and rigorous family = highly stressful and controlled environment, especially for girls

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8
Q

How does the family structure of different ethnicities impact education? (3 people)

A

Moynihan - black families tend to be single parent and female headed and lack financial support and a male role model

Pryce - Absent of a male role model causes a turbulent family

Murray - inadequate socialisation and not taught correct values

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9
Q

AO3 - How does the family structure of different ethnicities impact education? (3)

A

Driver - Family has positive effects and black families teach girls to be strong and independent

Keddie - Victim blaming as culture is different, not deprived. Blame school system as ethnocentric

Archer and Francis - Family emphasis on education and educational success within Chinese families.

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10
Q

Define label

A

To attach a meaning of definition to someone

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11
Q

What did Gilborn and Youdell find about teacher labelling?

A

Teachers are quicker to discipline black pupils for the same behaviour as others

Expected to have more discipline problems and behaviour was misinterpreted as threatening

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12
Q

Stats to prove racial inequality in the USA.

A

Black students 4 time more likely to be suspended

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13
Q

Why are black students treated differently? (2 words)

A

Radicalised expectations

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14
Q

What did Wright find about teacher labelling?

A

Teachers assumed Asian students had poor English so they spoke to them simply and left out of class discussions.

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15
Q

Name the internal factors for ethnic differences in education (4)

A

Teacher labelling

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16
Q

AO3 - Are teachers actually racist? (2)

A

Overly concerned with political correctness

Don’t want to offend the pupils

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17
Q

What is Connolly find about teacher labelling?

A

Asian pupils - obedient and hard working. Silly if misbehaved

Black pupils - a threat if misbehaved

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18
Q

5 people involved in teacher labelling (ethnicity)

A

Gibourn and Youdell
Wright
Connolly
Taylor

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19
Q

What is Taylor find about teacher labelling?

A

Teachers are sensitive to multicultural issues and concerned about developing a fair policy towards ethnic minorities

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20
Q

Who names the 4 categories black boys form after responding to racism?

A

Sewell

21
Q

What are the 4 categories pupils boys form after responding to racism?

A

Rebels
Conformists
Retreatists
Innovators

22
Q

Describe rebels (Sewell)

A

Excluded and reject goals and rules of school

23
Q

Describe conformists (Sewell)

A

Keen to succeed and disconnected from both school and accept school’s goals

24
Q

Describe retreatists (Sewell)

A

Very few people - disconnected from both school and subculture

25
Q

Describe innovators (Sewell)

A

Pro-education but anti-school

26
Q

What type of people did Mirza study?

A

Black females

27
Q

Who studies black females?

A

Mirza

28
Q

What did Mirza discover? (2)

A

Teachers discouraged black girls to be ambitious

Selective in which teachers to ask advice from and did work on their own - failed strategy as limit options and fall behind

29
Q

What did Fordham and Ogbu discover? (2)

A

Acting white - doing well in school

Acting black - fail and reject school so accepted by peers and have a respected status

30
Q

Define material deprivation

A

Lack of physical or economic resources

31
Q

Stats to prove material deprivations impacts BAME

A

15% of ethnic minorities live in overcrowding

Only 2% of white households

32
Q

What did Flaherty find about material deprivation

A

Pakistani and Bangladeshi are 3 times more likely to b in poorest 1/5 of population

33
Q

What does the Swann Report say about material deprivation? (AO2/AO3) (2)

A 
Strongest predictor on doing well.
Social class accounts for at least 50% of educational differences in achievement
34
Q

How are cultural and social factors linked? (AO2/AO3)

A

Black families are headed by lone females so likely to be in poverty

35
Q

What did Rex discover about racism? (3)

A

Racism discrimination leads to social exclusion

Worsen poverty so forced into standardised housing

Discrimination in employment.

36
Q

What did Noon do?

A

Sent identical CV but Evans and Patel as the names. Evans got more responses

37
Q

Name the 4 internal factors for ethnic differences

A 
Teacher labelling
Pupil subculture
Ethnocentric curriculum
Institutional racism
Selection and segregation
38
Q

Define ethnocentric

A

Attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one particular ethnic group

39
Q

Who describes the curriculum as ethnocentric?

A

Troyna and Williams

40
Q

What did Troyna and Williams say about the curriculem?

A

Ethnocentric - gives priority to white culture. Ignore cultural diversity.

41
Q

Troyna and Williams supporting research (ethnocentric)

A

Stone - multi-cultural education produces more ethnic stereotypes

42
Q

What two types of racism did Troyna and Williams research? Define them

A

Individual racism -prejudice views of other pupils

Institutional racism - discrimination built into institutions

43
Q

What does Hatcher say about racism?

A

Gives low priority to race issues and failed to deal with the behaviour. Limited communication between schools and BAME parents

44
Q

3 examples of racism within schools

A

Hidden curriculum
School holidays
Foreign languages

45
Q

Gilborn - …………. has given schools more power to select pupils so ethnic minorities are at a disadvantage

A

Marketisation

46
Q

What does Evans say (AO3)

A

Race isn’t only factor.
Black - focus on culture and ethnicity
White - focus on class for research

47
Q

What % of people say they have some feeling of racial prejudice

A

30%

48
Q

What do post modernists say about cultures.

A

Not all the same and not as important in having a low-self esteem

A-Level Sociology - Education (10 decks)

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