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a-level sociology - education > 2.3 - Marxist Theories > Flashcards

2.3 - Marxist Theories Flashcards

1
Q

According to Marxists, society is divided into the ……… and ………
Describe these

A

Proletariat - poor

Bourgeoisie - rich

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2
Q

Who are the Bourgeoisie?

A

Upper class

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3
Q

Define capitalism

A

Society’s based around money. Profit only goes to a few

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4
Q

Who is Althusser

A

Marxist

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5
Q

Althusser - education is part of the ………..

A

Ideological state apparatus

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6
Q

The bourgeoisie use the ……….. and ………… to control the poor

A

Ideological state apparatus and repressive state apparatus

IRA and ISA

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7
Q

What is the ISA

A

Ideological state apparatus - changing the way people think

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8
Q

What is the RSA

A

Change people’s thoughts and feelings

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9
Q

Who are the proletariat

A

Poor

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10
Q

According to Althusser, the poor are in a ……………

A

State of false class consciousness

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11
Q

According to Althusser, education prepares students to ……….

A

Accept a life of exploitation

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12
Q

What curriculums do Althusser talk about

A

Formal and hidden

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13
Q

Describe the formal curriculum

A

Teaches students that authority is good and correct

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14
Q

Describe the hidden curriculum

A

Not directly taught - hierarchy, respect, punctual

Sub-conscious

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15
Q

Who are Bowles and Gintis?

A

Marxists

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16
Q

What did Bowles and Gintis come up with?

A

Correspondence Theory

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17
Q

What is the correspondence theory?

A

The experiences a students experiences at school prepares them for work (a life in the capitalist system)

18
Q

What does the correspondence theory prevent?

A

Revolutions and rebellions

19
Q

Give 4 ways in which school is similar to workplaces

A

Hierarchy
Motivation
Rewards/sanctions
Passive/docile

20
Q

Why do schools like submissive personalities?

A

Workers are obedience so have capitalistic traits

21
Q

Why is the correspondence theory positive?

A

The principles are needed to pass on norms and values

22
Q

What does Reynolds say about the correspondence theory?

A

Some education encourages critical thinking of education system

23
Q

What does Willis say about the correspondence theory?

A

Pupils actively resist authority to develop an anti-school subculture

24
Q

How is the correspondence theory outdated

A

Students are now encouraged to complain about parts of school that they don’t like

25
Q

Who is Willis?

A

A neo-Marxist

26
Q

Willis created ……….. ….

A

Learning to Labour

27
Q

What does learning to labour mean?

A

Being prepared to be bored at work

28
Q

What do WC boys develop according to Willis?

A

Anti-school subculture

29
Q

What do Mac an Ghaill think about learning to labour?

A

Its outdated as more opportunities

  • apprentices
  • retake GSCEs
30
Q

What does McRobbie think about learning to labour?

A

Androcentric study so no girls included

31
Q

Which 2 people criticises Willis

A

Mac an Ghaill

McRobbie

32
Q

Name 11 Marxists (5 main)

A 
Marx
Althusser
Bourdieu
Bernstein
Bowles and Gintis
Reynolds
Willis
Mac an Ghaill
Rikowski
Giroux
33
Q

What did Bourdieu create?

A

Habitus - money buys experience

e.g. museum, theatre

34
Q

What did Bernstein create?

A

Elaborated and restricted language code

35
Q

What is the restricted language code?

A

WC people, colloquial language and slang

36
Q

What is the elaborated language code?

A

MC/UC people - extensive vocab and complex sentences

Used in mark schemes

37
Q

Why do Postmodernists criticise Marxists?

A

Education was very different as no longer in post-fordist economy and there are a rage of jobs

38
Q

Why do Feminists criticise Marxists? (2)

A 
Schools promote patriarchy (Heaton and Lawson)
Androcentric studies (McRobbie)
39
Q

What does Rikowski think?

A

Education is shaped by the economy and business takes over school (marketisation policies)

40
Q

How are Marxists too negative?

A

Education provides:

  • Secondary education
  • Social solidarity
41
Q

How are Marxists too deterministic? (2)

A 
Not all WC people fail at school
Social class isn't the only factor (gender, ethnicity)

a-level sociology - education (10 decks)

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