3.2.2 Understanding management and decision making

Question 1

Theory X

Answer 1

-managers tend to believe employees don’t want to work, and will avoid it as much as possible
-employees prefer to directed, avoid responsibility
-many are motivated by fear+money

Question 2

Theory Y

Answer 2

-employees like to work, enjoy working and like working towards a goals
-commitment to goals increases based on rewards

Question 3

Internal factors that influence the style of leadership

Answer 3

-type of business
-confidence in staff
-respect/power
-personal traits of the leader
-time frame associated with tasks

Question 4

Why modern business leadership is moving away from Autocratic style

Answer 4

-demotivating the staff
-doesn’t allow for creativity
-increases the reputation of a business
-level of education
-greater workplace legislation

Question 5

Tannenbaum and Schmidt

Answer 5

a ‘continuum’ of leadership behaviour. Continuum represents a range of action related to the degree of authority used by the manager

Question 6

Tannenbaum and Schmidt: Tells

Answer 6

leader identifies problems, make decisions and announces to subordinate

Question 7

Tannenbaum and Schmidt: Sells

Answer 7

leader still makes the decision but attempts to overcome resistance through discussion and persuasion

Question 8

Tannenbaum and Schmidt: Consults

Answer 8

leader identifies and presents to the group

Question 9

Tannenbaum and Schmidt: Joins

Answer 9

leader defines the problem and passes on the solving and decision making to the group

Question 10

Scientific decision making

Answer 10

using data, facts and statistics to make a decision

Question 11

Hunch decision making

Answer 11

using experience and intuition to make a decision

Question 12

Programmed decisions

Answer 12

deals with problems that are familiar and data is easily found

Question 13

Non-programmed decisions

Answer 13

unstructured with a unique solution, often risky

Question 14

Tactical

Answer 14

-short term
-fewer resources
-made by managers

Question 15

Strategic

Answer 15

-long term
-major commitment of resources
-made at board level

Question 16

Decision trees

Answer 16

-diagrams set out decision making problems
-clearly lay out the problem
-allows us to analyse possible consequences
-probability+ estimated outcome