3.2.1.3 - Specialised Cells

Question 1

What are the 7 life processes?

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

What do we call the cell formed at fertilisation?

Answer 2

A zygote

Question 3

A zygote is what type of cell?

Answer 3

A stem cell (totipotent)

Question 4

A zygote develops into an…

Answer 4

embryo

Question 5

An embryo is made up of which type of cells?

Answer 5

(embryonic) stem cells

Question 6

What is a stem cell?

Answer 6

A non-specialised cell

Question 7

Are the cells of an embryo genetically identical?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

A zygote and the cells of an embryo divide by the process of…

Answer 8

mitosis

Question 9

Are the specialised cells of a multicellular organism genetically identical?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

How is it that different types of specialised cells can be genetically identical?

Answer 10

Different genes are active within the nucleus of those cells.

Question 11

Which organelle will be well developed within a sperm cell?

Answer 11

Mitochondria (to provide energy for movement)

Question 12

Which organelle will be well developed in muscle cells?

Answer 12

Mitochondria (to provide energy for movement)

Question 13

What is another name for a liver cell?

Answer 13

Hepatocyte

Question 14

Which organelle will be well developed in a hepatocyte (liver cell)

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus (to detoxify)

Question 15

Some embryonic stem cells develop further into __________ stem cells, which lie dormant for future use.

Answer 15

adult

Question 16

What are haematopoietic cells and where are they found?

Answer 16

• Adult stem cells that develop into red blood cells.

- bone marrow

Question 17

Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function are called…

Answer 17

specialised cells

Question 18

What is a tissue?

Answer 18

A group of identical or similar cells that are specialised to carry out a specific function.

Question 19

Approximately how many different types of human cell are there?

Answer 19

200

Question 20

Muscle cells group together to form…

Answer 20

Muscle tissue

Question 21

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Answer 21

Contraction to allow movement.

Question 22

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 22

• Line the surface of organs
• Protect
• Have sensory functions
• Absorption
• Transporting substances (if they are ciliated)

Question 23

What are cilia?

Answer 23

Small hair-like structures present on some epithelial cells that can transport substances e.g. mucus in the lungs.

Question 24

What is the function of connective tissue?

Answer 24

• Support - holds other tissues together.

- Provides strength and elasticity to tissues.

Question 25

Connective tissues produce...

Answer 25

collagen fibres

Question 26

What is an organ?

Answer 26

A combination of tissues that are coordinated to perform a variety of functions although they have 1 predominant function.

Question 27

The stomach consists of which tissues?

Answer 27

- Epithelial tissue - Connective tissue - Muscle tissue

Question 28

Why is it that arteries and veins are organs but capillaries are not?

Answer 28

- Arteries and veins consist of a combination of muscle and endothelial tissues. - Capillaries only contain endothelial tissues.

Question 29

What is an organ system?

Answer 29

A group of organs that aggregate to perform a specific task.

Question 30

What is the function of the digestive system?`

Answer 30

To digest, process and absorb food.

Question 31

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 31

Breathing and gas exchange.

Question 32

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 32

To pump and circulate blood.

Question 33

Name 3 organ systems

Answer 33

1. Digestive system 2. Circulatory system 3. Respiratory system

Question 34

Name 3 human tissues

Answer 34

1. Muscle tissue 2. Epithelial tissue 3. Connective tissue

Question 35

Name 5 plant tissues

Answer 35

1. Epidermal tissue 2. Palisade mesophyll tissue 3. Spongy mesophyll tissue 4. Xylem tissue 5. Phloem tissue

Question 36

What is the function of xylem tissue?

Answer 36

- Transport water from roots to leaves - Transport mineral salts - Provide mechanical support to plant.

Question 37

What is the function of palisade mesophyll tissue?

Answer 37

- To carry out photosynthesis.

Question 38

How are xylem tissues adapted to transport water?

Answer 38

They are formed from hollow cells that allow water to travel through.

Question 39

How are palisade mesophyll tissues adapted to carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 39

They contain many chloroplasts.

Question 40

What is the function of spongy mesophyll cells?

Answer 40

Provide a large surface area for gas exchange via diffusion.

Question 41

What else can we call the epidermal cells that line top and bottom surfaces of a leaf?

Answer 41

Upper epidermis | Lower epidermis

Question 42

Which epidermis of a leaf are stomata found?

Answer 42

Lower epidermis (lower surface)

Question 43

What are guard cells and where are they found?

Answer 43

- 2 kidney shaped cells that form the stomata. - They are part of the lower epidermal tissue. They look like this ---> (())