Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MY biology > 2.2: DNA replication > Flashcards

2.2: DNA replication Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The discovery of DNA’s structure by Watson and Crick provided evidence that what was key to DNA’s ability to replicate?

A

The discovery of DNA’s structure by Watson and Crick provided evidence that complementary base pairing was key to DNA’s ability to replicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The discovery of DNA’s structure by Watson and Crick provided evidence that complementary base pairing was key to DNA’s ability to replicate.
What did scientists propose?

A

Scientists proposed that DNA ‘unzipped,’ as hydrogen bonds between base pairs were broken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The discovery of DNA’s structure by Watson and Crick provided evidence that complementary base pairing was key to DNA’s ability to replicate.
Scientists proposed that DNA ‘unzipped,’ as hydrogen bonds between base pairs were broken.
New polynucleotide strands could then be synthesised using what as a template?

A

New polynucleotide strands could then be synthesised using the originals as a template

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The discovery of DNA’s structure by Watson and Crick provided evidence that complementary base pairing was key to DNA’s ability to replicate.
Scientists proposed that DNA ‘unzipped,’ as hydrogen bonds between base pairs were broken.
New polynucleotide strands could then be synthesised using the originals as a template.
Several hypotheses were then proposed as what?

A

Several hypotheses were then proposed as to the specific mechanism by which new strands are created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does DNA need to replicate?

What are reasons for DNA replication?

A

Reasons for DNA replication are:

  1. Cell division
  2. Reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why does DNA need to replicate?

Reasons for DNA replication are cell division - New cells need new DNA for what, and reproduction?

A

Reasons for DNA replication are:

  1. Cell division - New cells need new DNA for growth and tissue repair
  2. Reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does DNA need to replicate?
Reasons for DNA replication are cell division - New cells need new DNA for growth and tissue repair, and reproduction - What require DNA to do what?

A

Reasons for DNA replication are:

  1. Cell division - New cells need new DNA for growth and tissue repair
  2. Reproduction - Gametes require DNA to pass on genetic information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enzymes in DNA replication:

What does DNA helicase do?

A

DNA helicase:

  1. Breaks hydrogen bonds
  2. Unwinds the molecule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enzymes in DNA replication:

What does DNA polymerase do?

A

DNA polymerase forms the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Before a nucleus divides, what must happen?

A

Before a nucleus divides, its DNA must be replicated (copied)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Before a nucleus divides, its DNA must be replicated (copied).
This is to ensure what?

A

This is to ensure that all the daughter cells have the genetic information to produce the:
1. Enzymes
2. Other proteins
that they need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

For semi-conservative replication to take place, there are how many requirements?

A

For semi-conservative replication to take place, there are 4 requirements:

  1. The 4 types of nucleotide, each with their bases of A, T, C or G, must be present
  2. Both strands of the DNA molecule act as a template for the attachment of these nucleotides
  3. The enzyme DNA polymerase
  4. A source of chemical energy is required to drive the process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:

The enzyme what breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA?

A

The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA.
As a result, what happens?

A

As a result, the double helix:

  1. Separates into its 2 strands
  2. Unwinds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA.
As a result, the double helix separates into its 2 strands and unwinds.
Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which what?

A

Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which complementary free nucleotides bind by specific base pairing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA.
As a result, the double helix separates into its 2 strands and unwinds.
Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which complementary free nucleotides bind by specific base pairing and what form?

A

Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which complementary free nucleotides bind by specific base pairing and hydrogen bonds form

17
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA.
As a result, the double helix separates into its 2 strands and unwinds.
Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which complementary free nucleotides bind by specific base pairing and hydrogen bonds form.
What happens to form the ‘missing’ polynucleotide strand on each of the 2 original polynucleotide strands of DNA?

A

Nucleotides are joined together in a condensation reaction by the enzyme DNA polymerase to form the ‘missing’ polynucleotide strand on each of the 2 original polynucleotide strands of DNA

18
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA.
As a result, the double helix separates into its 2 strands and unwinds.
Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which complementary free nucleotides bind by specific base pairing and hydrogen bonds form.
Nucleotides are joined together in a condensation reaction by the enzyme DNA polymerase to form the ‘missing’ polynucleotide strand on each of the 2 original polynucleotide strands of DNA.
What form between the nucleotides?

A

Phosphodiester bonds form between the nucleotides

19
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA.
As a result, the double helix separates into its 2 strands and unwinds.
Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which complementary free nucleotides bind by specific base pairing and hydrogen bonds form.
Nucleotides are joined together in a condensation reaction by the enzyme DNA polymerase to form the ‘missing’ polynucleotide strand on each of the 2 original polynucleotide strands of DNA.
Phosphodiester bonds form between the nucleotides.
What does each of the new DNA molecules contain?

A

Each of the new DNA molecules contains one of the original DNA strands

20
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA.
As a result, the double helix separates into its 2 strands and unwinds.
Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which complementary free nucleotides bind by specific base pairing and hydrogen bonds form.
Nucleotides are joined together in a condensation reaction by the enzyme DNA polymerase to form the ‘missing’ polynucleotide strand on each of the 2 original polynucleotide strands of DNA.
Phosphodiester bonds form between the nucleotides.
Each of the new DNA molecules contains one of the original DNA strands.
What does this mean?

A

This means that half of the original DNA has been:
1. Saved
2. Built into
each of the new DNA molecules

21
Q

The process of semi-conservative replication:
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the base pairs of DNA.
As a result, the double helix separates into its 2 strands and unwinds.
Each exposed polynucleotide strand then acts as a template to which complementary free nucleotides bind by specific base pairing and hydrogen bonds form.
Nucleotides are joined together in a condensation reaction by the enzyme DNA polymerase to form the ‘missing’ polynucleotide strand on each of the 2 original polynucleotide strands of DNA.
Phosphodiester bonds form between the nucleotides.
Each of the new DNA molecules contains one of the original DNA strands.
This means that half of the original DNA has been saved and built into each of the new DNA molecules.
Half of the molecules are what and half of the molecules are made up of what, hence ‘semi-conservative’ DNA?

A
  1. Half of the molecules are old DNA
  2. Half of the molecules are made up of new molecules of DNA
    ,hence ‘semi-conservative’ DNA

MY biology (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions