3.2.1.2 Structure of prokaryotic cells and of viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

what size are the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

A

smaller - 70S

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2
Q

where is the genetic information located in a prokaryotic cell?

A

in a circular DNA loop and plasmids

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3
Q

what type of genes do plasmids contain?

A

genes for antibiotic resistance

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4
Q

what is the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell made of?

A

murein (a glycoprotein)

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5
Q

what is the purpose of a capsule around a prokaryotic cell?

A

prevents dessication (drying out) and protects the cell from antibiotics and viruses

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6
Q

what is the purpose of the flagella?

A

used for locomotion (movement)

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7
Q

what is a mesosome?

A

a membrane infold which increases SA for respiration / photosynthesis to take place

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8
Q

what are viruses?

A

acellular, non-living particles

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9
Q

what are the three structural properties of viruses?

A
  • genetic material
  • capsid
  • attachment proteins
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10
Q

what is the genetic material like in viruses?

A
  • either DNA or RNA (nucleic acids)
  • the DNA / RNA is either single or double stranded
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11
Q

what is the purpose of a capsid?

A

it is a protein coat which protects the genetic material of a virus

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12
Q

what can a virus also be enclosed in?

A

a lipid envelope

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13
Q

what is the purpose of attachment proteins?

A

they help them recognise a host

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14
Q

what is the name of the enzyme in HIV?

A

reverse transcriptase

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