3.1.6 ATP Flashcards
what does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
how does ATP relate to DNA?
a single molecule of ATP is a nucleotide derivative
what does ATP contain?
a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three inorganic phosphate groups
where is energy stored in and ATP molecule?
in the bonds between the phosphates
what are the component molecules of ATP?
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate group (Pi)
what happens when ATP is hydrolysed?
energy is released
which enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP hydrolase
how is ATP resynthesised?
by the condensation of ADP and Pi during photosynthesis or respiration
which enzyme catalyses the condensation reaction of ADP and Pi?
ATP synthase
why is ATP an immediate energy source?
only one bond has to be hydrolysed to release energy
what is phosphorylation in terms of ATP?
- the inorganic phosphate released during the hydrolysis of ATP can be bonded onto different compounds
- this makes them more reactive
ATP can be reformed in a condensation reaction in which three ways?
- photophosphorylation: occurs in chlorophyll during photosynthesis
- oxidative phosphorylation: occurs in mitochondria during the electron transport chain
- substrate level phosphorylation: when the phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP
what are the five key properties of ATP?
- releases energy in small, manageable amounts
- small and soluble
- only one bond is hydrolysed to release energy
- can transfer energy to another molecule by transferring one of its phosphate groups
- can’t pass out of the cell
why is it important that ATP releases energy in small, manageable amounts?
- no energy is wasted
- cells do not overheat from wasted energy and are less likely to run out of resources
why is it important that ATP is small and soluble?
-it can be easily transported around the cell
why is it important that ATP only requires one bond to be hydrolysed to release energy?
energy release is immediate
why is it important that ATP can transfer energy to another molecule by transferring one of its phosphate groups?
enables phosphorylation to make other compounds more reactive
why is it important that ATP can’t pass out of the cell?
- the cell has a constant supply of ATP or ADP + Pi
- this means that the cell always has an immediate supply of energy
what are the four properties of glucose that make it unsuitable as an immediate energy source, compared to ATP?
- releases energy in large amounts so more energy wasted
- needs several bonds to be broken down to release all its energy
- cannot phosphorylate other compounds as it does not contain phosphate groups
- can leave the cell so the cell can run out of glucose
