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Biology > 3.1.5.1 Structure of DNA and RNA > Flashcards

3.1.5.1 Structure of DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the function of DNA?

A

to hold genetic information

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2
Q

what is a nucleotide made up of?

A

a phosphate, a pentose sugar and nitrogen-containing organic base

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3
Q

how do nucleotides join to form polynucleotides?

A

they bind together through a condensation reaction

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4
Q

what bond is formed between nucleotides?

A

a phosphodiester bond

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5
Q

how do phosphodiester bonds form?

A
  • condensation reaction
  • between phosphate and deoxyribose
  • catalysed by DNA polymerase
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6
Q

what are the four different bases in DNA?

A

A, T, C and G

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7
Q

bases pair up though…

A

complementary base pairing

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8
Q

what does the base A stand for?

A

adenine

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9
Q

what does the base T stand for?

A

thymine

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10
Q

what does the base C stand for?

A

cytosine

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11
Q

what does the base G stand for?

A

guanine

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12
Q

which bases pair together?

A
  • A and T
  • C and G
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13
Q

complementary base pairing means that there will always be…

A

equal amounts of A and T and equal amounts of C and G in each DNA molecule

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14
Q

which bonds hold DNA bases together?

A

hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

which pair of bases has more hydrogen bonds between them?

A

C and G so the more of these there are, the more stable the DNA molecule

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16
Q

describe the structure of DNA

A
  • polymer of nucleotides (polynucleotides)
  • each nucleotide formed from deoxyribose, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
  • phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides
  • double helix held by hydrogen bonds
  • H bonds between adenine—thymine and cytosine—guanine
17
Q

what is the function of RNA?

A

to transfer genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes

18
Q

what are ribosomes formed from?

A

RNA and proteins

19
Q

RNA is a relatively ___ polynucleotide chain

A

short

20
Q

the sugar in DNA is ___ whereas the sugar in RNA is ___

A
  • deoxyribose
  • ribose
21
Q

the nucleotide strand in DNA is ___ whereas the nucleotide strand in RNA is ___

A
  • double
  • single
22
Q

in RNA, thymine is replaced with…

A

uracil (U)

23
Q

what are the two types of RNA?

A

messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA)

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